废餐饮油脂制备生物柴油工艺及其动力学的研究..docx

Preparation and Kinetic Studies of Biodieselfrom Waste Cooking OilA Thesis Submitted to Chongqing Universityin Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for theDegree of Master of EngineeringbyHong JianbingSupervisor: Prof. Gan MengyuMajor: Applied ChemistryCollege of Chemistry Chemical Engineering ofChongqing University, Chongqing, ChinaApril 2008重庆大学硕士学位论文摘要中文摘要随着环保意识的增强和能源危机的影响，人们开始寻找一种能够替代石油燃料的清洁能源，在众多的替代燃料中，生物柴油以其优越的性能备受关注。同时随着人类生产和生活水平的不断提高，废餐饮油脂的产生也越来越多，不仅严重污染环境，而且还危害人类健康，因此以餐饮废油为原料生产生物柴油对减少环境污染及提高经济效益具有重大的意义。鉴于传统工艺存在的缺陷，本文以废餐饮油脂和甲醇为原料，研究了酯化－酯交换两步催化法生产生物柴油的技术。在酯化反应阶段，首次采用了活性炭负载硫酸铁(Fe2(SO4)3 /C)作为催化剂，催化废餐饮油脂中游离脂肪酸(FFA)甲酯化，该反应的优化工艺条件为：催化剂活性成分负载量为 26.80％（w/w）、催化剂用量为 3.5％（w/w）、甲醇/FFA摩尔比为 18：1、反应温度为 95℃、反应时间为 3h，在此反应条件下，废餐饮油脂的酸值可从 40.06mgKOH/g下降至 1.00mgKOH/g以下，转化率高达 98.00％以上。在酯交换反应阶段，以 KOH为催化剂，催化废餐饮油脂中甘油三酯(TG)与甲醇进行酯交换反应，获得生物柴油，其优化工艺条件为：催化剂用量为 1.0％（w/w）、醇/油摩尔比为 7：1、反应时间为 60min、反应温度为 60℃，在此工艺条件下生物柴油的转化率达到 93.83%。本文还对酯化及酯交换反应的动力学机制分别进行研讨，建立了相应的动力学方程，结果表明，建立的动力学方程在实验条件范围内都能较好的描述各自的反应过程。关键词：生物柴油，废餐饮油脂，酯化，酯交换，动力学I重庆大学硕士学位论文英文摘要AbstractThere is an increasing worldwide concern for environmental protection and for theconservation of non-renewable natural resources. For this reason the possibility ofdeveloping alternative neat energy sources to replace tradition fossil fuels has beenattracting a great interest. Among the numerous substitute fuels, the biodiesel is veryprovides a promising alternative because of its excellent performance. Additionally,most of waste cooking oils (WCO) poured into the sewer system. This practicecontributes to the pollution which is very harmful for environment and human health. Ina word, biodiesel produced from WCO will be of great significance for cost reductionand environmental protecting.Aiming at the problem of traditional technique, we use two-step catalyzed processof esterification and transesterification for producing biodiesel from WCO and menthol.In the first step, the active carbon loaded with ferric sulfate (Fe2(SO4)3 /C) was firstlyu