数据挖掘：实用机器学习工具与技术_01数据挖掘概述..pptxVIP

2 Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques (Chapter 1) What’s it all about? Data vs information Data mining and machine learning Structural descriptions Rules: classification and association Decision trees Datasets Weather, contact lens, CPU performance, labor negotiation data, soybean classification Fielded applications Ranking web pages, loan applications, screening images, load forecasting, machine fault diagnosis, market basket analysis Generalization as search Data mining and ethics 3 Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques (Chapter 1) Data vs. information Society produces huge amounts of data Sources: business, science, medicine, economics, geography, environment, sports, … Potentially valuable resource Raw data is useless: need techniques to automatically extract information from it Data: recorded facts Information: patterns underlying the data 4 Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques (Chapter 1) Information is crucial Example 1: in vitro fertilization Given: embryos described by 60 features Problem: selection of embryos that will survive Data: historical records of embryos and outcome Example 2: cow culling Given: cows described by 700 features Problem: selection of cows that should be culled Data: historical records and farmers’ decisions 5 Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques (Chapter 1) Data mining Extracting implicit, previously unknown, potentially useful information from data Needed: programs that detect patterns and regularities in the data Strong patterns ⇒ good predictions Problem 1: most patterns are not interesting Problem 2: patterns may be inexact (or spurious) Problem 3: data may be garbled or missing 6 Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques (Chapter 1) Machine learning techniques Algorithms for acquiring structural descriptions from examples Structural descriptions represent patterns explicitly Can be used to predict outcome in new s