m5定从.docVIP

m5定从 定语从句 一. 概念: (1) 定语从句:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句 (2) 先行词:被修饰的名词或代词 (3) 关系代词有:who, whom, whose, which, that等 (4) 关系副词有:where, when, why等 (关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分) 从句 关系代词 格 用于限定性和非限定性定语从句 指人 指物 只用于限定性定语从句 既指人又指物 主格词 who which that 宾格词 Who(m) which that 属格词 whose/ whose/ of whom of which whose 二. 关系代词的用法: 1. 限定性定语从句中,必须用关系代词that 情况: ① 当先行词是不定代词all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one时,如: eg- All that we have to do is to practice every day. ② 当先行词前面有 the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all等词修饰时,如: eg- The only thing that we can do is to give you some money. ③ 当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时,如: eg- This is the best that has been used against pollution. - This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen. ④ 当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时,如: eg- This train is the last that will go to Suzhou. ⑤ 当先行词既有人又有物时,如: eg- Do you know t the things and persons that they are talking about? 2. 定语从句中,必须用which的情况: ① 在非限定性定语从句中,只用which, 不用that, 如: eg- Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which, of course, made the others envy him. ② 当动词短语中的介词提前时,只用which, 不用that.如: eg- This is the house in which LuXun once lived. 注意:在一些固定搭配的短语动词中,由于动词和介词不可分割,因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前.如: eg- This is the pen (which/that) I’m looking for. (不可以说: This is the pen for which I’m looking.) 3. 关系代词who, whom, 和whose用法 当先行词指人: (1) 在从句中作主语时, 用who, 不可省略 (2) 在定语从句中作宾语时,用whom/that, 可以省略 (3) 在定语从句中作定语时,用whose,不可省略 eg- She is the girl who lives next door.(先行词在定语从句中作主语) 她就是住在隔壁的女孩. - That’s the girl (whom/ that) I teach. (先行词在定语从句中作宾语)那就是我教的女孩. - This is the scientist whose achievements are well-known.(先行词在定语从句中作定语)这就是那位成就卓越的科学家. 注意: whose 引导定语从句应注意以下几点: ① whose 引导定语从句,其后应紧跟名词,构成名词短语,如: eg- That’s the child whose drawing we looked at just now. ② whose 引导定语从句,其先行词既可指人,也可指物.如: eg- Mr King, whose legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital. - It was a meeting whose importance I didn’t realize at the time. ③ whose 在定语从句中与它所