考研英语语法结构知识.docVIP

考研英语语法结构知识 考研英语语法结构知识 语法知识是理解英语的基础。通过对历年试题的分析可以看出，单纯考查语法知识题的比重并不是很大，这是要体现《大纲》注重考查考生的英语交际能力，鼓励考生用听、说、读、写的实践代替单纯的语法知识学习的测试导向。但这并不意味着对考生语法掌握程度的要求降低了，因为只有对语法知识有较好的掌握，才能在实际的语言运用环境中，识别各种语法现象，对文章进行理解并做出正确的判断。下面恩波就重点语法内容加以总结，供考生参考。 1. 主谓一致关系 主谓一致(Subject指谓语动词要与主语的中心词语在“人称”和“数”的方面保持一致。这是在解题过程中需要时刻注意的。解答这类问题的关键是要找准主语的中心词语。 Example 1 The novels of John Cheever to a literary tradition that is concerned primarily with manners. [A] belongs [B]belong [C]is belonged [D]are belonged belong是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，首先排除C和D。本句的中心主语是the novels(复数)，所以此题的正确选项是B。 2. 虚拟语气 在英语中，由于说话人的意图不同，动词的表现形式也随之不同，这就需要用不同的“语气”来表达。英语中有三种语气： （1）陈述语气(the Indicative Mood)用来陈述事实。如： The teacher is very popular with his students. (2)祈使语气(the Imperative Mood)提出请求、命令等。如： Please open the door. (3)虚拟语气(the Subjunctive Mood)表达主观愿望和假设的情况。如： If I were you, I would throw it away. 所谓虚拟，简单地说，就是真实情况并非如此。由于虚拟语气历来是英语学习中的一个难点，尤其是它还有一些特殊形式和用法，所以也可能成为考点。 Example 2 Had they examined the question over a much longer period, 1 over the whole life cycle, they 2 reached a different conclusion. 1. *[A] particularly [B] exclusively [C] preferably [D] precisely 2. [A] must have [B] will have [C] may have [D] would have 首先根据“Had they examined the question...”得出这是一个省略if的虚拟条件句。在表示过去情况的虚拟条件句中，从句中的谓语用had+过去分词，主句中的谓语用would have + 过去分词。所以，第2题应该选择D。 3. 非限定性动词 非限定性动词是动词的非谓语形式，主要指不定式(the Infinitive)、分词(the Participle)和动名词(the Gerund)。非限定性动词的使用功能多样，且容易混淆，所以它们历来是各种英语考试中的重点。 Example 3 We did make our comforts and discomforts 1 , but basically others 2 our experiences to us. We were virtually helpless and 3 the mercy of others, usually our parents. As we grew older, increased intellectual development resulted in increased behavioral options’ 4 available to us. 1 [A]knowing [B]known [C]know [D]to know 2 [A]distributed *[B]dictated [C]allocated [D]ordered 3 [A]with [B]in *[C]at [D]on 4 [A]became [B]become [C]becoming [D]to become 第1题中make在作为表示“致使”意义的动词时，其后的动词及其逻辑主语是被动关系,所以跟在其后的动词要用过去分词形式，如He