举例英文原文及翻译(适用于毕业论文引用文献).doc

建筑工程 英文原文及翻译Effect of Water Content on the Properties of Lightweight Alkali-Activated Slag Concrete Keun-Hyeok Yang，Ju-Hyun Mun，Jae-Il Simand Jin-Kyu Song Keyword：concrete、water content Introduction With the gradual growth of a global effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, a large section of the concrete industry has growing interest in minimizing the use of ordinary portland cement (OPC). This is because it is estimated that the production of 1?t of OPC requires about 2.8?t of raw materials, such as limestone and coal, and releases about 0.7?t of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the earth’s atmosphere from the decarbonation of lime in the kiln (Gartner 20046). As a result, since the late 1980s, toward the reduction of the use of OPC, various investigations have been conducted in several fields to develop a cementless alkali-activated (AA) ground granulated blast furnace slag binder together with a fly ash–based geopolymer binder. As pointed out by Shi et?al. (200611), AA slag binders and concrete will gradually attract a great deal of interest because of their extensive advantages of lower carbon emissions and energy cost, higher-strength development, and better durability than with OPC concrete. In particular, AA slag concrete can effectively be applied to precast concrete products. It is generally estimated that the amount of CO2 emitted from the consumption of fossil fuels for commercial and residential heating accounts for approximately 12% of the total CO2 emissions into the earth’s atmosphere. In addition, the nonnegligible amounts of CO2 are emitted from buildings or factory cooling. As a result, the development of energy saving systems and new and renewable energy sources has become one of the hottest issues in building structures. The use of lightweight concrete as a building material is highly effective for saving energy because of the enhanced thermal insulation capacity through the lower thermal conductivity of lightweight aggregates. In addition, t