英语语法专项-虚拟语气及典型例题.docxVIP

陈述语气表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。如：Iraq is an Asian country.伊拉克是亚洲国家。（肯定句）The US and British armies did not start the Second Gulf War until March 20，2003.美英联军直到2003年3月20日才发动第二次海湾战争。（否定句）Who was it that they want to help?他们想要帮忙的人到底是谁呀？（疑问句）How?interesting?my stay in China has been!我在中国的日子过的真有趣！（感叹句）祈使语气表示说话人对对方的请求、警告，建议或命令。如：　Please come over here. 请到这边来。Would you be so kind as to lend me a hand? 请帮个忙好吗？Watch your steps! 当心！（走路）Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了。虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议或与事实不符的假设等，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语从句的特殊形式表示出来的。如：　If I were a bird，I would be able to fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。May you succeed!祝你成功！If only we had been college students last year!上一年我们要是大学生该多好！2应用条件编辑在表示假想的虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，愿望，假想，猜测，怀疑或建议，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。主要是英语语法的一种表达。3条件状语编辑条件状语从句中的应用条件句可分为两类，一类为 真实条件句，一类为 非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的甚至完全不可能发生的情况，故采用虚拟语气。例如：If he doesnt hurry up，he will miss the bus.如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。( 真实)If he is free，he will ask me to tell stories.如果他有空，他会要求我讲故事。（真实）If I were you，I would go at once.如果我是你，我马上就会去。（我不可能是你。非真实，虚拟语气，与现在事实相反）If there were no air，people would die.如果没有空气，人就会死亡。（不可能没有空气。非真实，虚拟语气，与现在事实相反）1、表示与现在事实相反的情况从句?：If+?主语?+动词一般过去时(Be动词用were)主句?：?主语?+ should/would/might/could+do：If I were you，I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）If I knew his telephone number，I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）If there were no air or water，there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)If I had any money with me，I could lend you some.如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没有带钱）If he studied harder，he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：没有努力）If I were you， Id wear a shirt and tie.如果我是你，我就会穿衬衫和领带。(事实：我并不是你）[1]2、表示与过去事实相反的情况从句?：If+?主语?+had+done主句?：?主语?+should/would/might/could+have doneeg：If I had got there earlier，I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）If he had taken my advice，he would not have made such a mistake