土木工程专业英语lesson2PPT.pptVIP

English in Civil Engineering(土木工程专业英语);§2 Building and Architecture Cultural background introduction 课程学习指南： 1. New words analysis Encompass=en+compass Identical, identity, identify Illumination 词根：lumin、phot(o)——光,如luminous(发光的), Parlance 词根：parl——说、谈，parley(座谈)，parliament（议会） Dominant=dominate+ant 词根：ant——人或物或属于…的，coolant（冷却剂），pollutant(污染物)，participant(参与者)=participate+ant Repetition（n.）←repeat Intermediate(中间体，中间的)=inter(…之间的)+mediate; The purpose of a building is to provide a shelter for the performance of human activities. From the time of the cave dwellers to the present, one of the first needs of man has been a shelter from the elements. In a more general sense, the art of building encompasses all of man’s efforts to control its environment and direct natural forces to his own needs. This art includes, in addition to buildings, all the civil engineering structures such as dams, canals, tunnels, aqueducts, and bridges. ; The scientific basis for the design of buildings as shelters and for the design of civil engineering structures for other purposes is identical. It is only as a result of the specialized requirements of our modern society that these two fields have developed along separate paths. ; This set of requirements places a natural limit on the depth of an apartment building. In office buildings, on the other hand, artificial light is accepted for more uniform illumination, and therefore the depth of such building is not limited by a need for natural light. ; Environment may affect both the shape and appearance of a building. An urban school may create its own environment by using blank walls to seal out the city completely, and a country school may develop as an integral part of the landscape, even though both schools fulfill the same function.; Finally, the form of a building is affected by a variety of socioeconomic factors, including land costs, tenancy, building budget, and zoning res