儿童先天性心脏病Cardiovascular-Diseases-in-Children(英文课件)--儿童知识.pptx

Congenital Heart Diseases in Children（General Introduction ）Dr. Liu Chonghaidfgdfhfhf/soft/Cardiovascular Diseases in ChildrenCongenital heart diseases Viral myocarditisRheumatic heart disease CardiomyopathyKawasaki Disease ArrhythmiaCongestive heart failure PericarditisInfective endocarditis Etc….dfgdfhfhf/soft/Congenital Heart DiseasesDefinition： Cardiovascular malformations present during embryonic stages CHD accounts for nearly 1/3 of all major congenital anomalies.25% are life threatening and require early intervention. dfgdfhfhf/soft/Prevalencedfgdfhfhf/soft/The prevalence of CHD in infancy is estimated at 6-8 per 1000 live births.(Indian) － 7~8 / 1000 newborns（reported data） (China) － 6.87 / 1000 newborns in Shanghai （Epidemiologic survey during 1989～1991） dfgdfhfhf/soft/Etiologic ConsiderationsHereditary factors (Associated with 15% CHD) Trisomies of chromosome 21, 18, 15, 13 Deletion of chromosome 22q11 Gene defects： －Defects of Elastin in William’s syndrome －Mutations of Fibrillin in Marfan’s syndrome －Mutations of Tbx5 in Holt-Oram syndrome －Mutations of Cx43 in hypoplastic left heartdfgdfhfhf/soft/Etiologic ConsiderationsEnvironmental factors Exposed to the following factors during the first trimester of pregnancy －Viral infections: rubella, influenza, enterovirus , parotitis －Physical and chemical factors: drugs, radiation, alcohol, tobacco －Maternity diseases: diabetes, connective tissue problems, hypertension syndromedfgdfhfhf/soft/PathogenesisHypostasis： －Heart development is a very complex process involving many coordinated steps －Abnormal embryological development of the heart leads to CHD Mechanism： －Genetic basis interacted with the environmental factors play role possibly in most casesdfgdfhfhf/soft/Fetal Heart DevelopmentFormation of primitive heart tube Looping of primitive heart tube Formation of endocardial cushion Formation of interatrial septum Formation of interventricular septum Septation of aortic and pulmonary arteries dfgdfh