专题九：时态..docVIP

九．时态 一．一般过去时 1．1）定义：表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。 2）结构：“主语+动词的过去式” 用法： ①.表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 　He was here yesterday. 　I got up at seven yesterday morning. 　My mother was at work yesterday afternoon. 　Did you have a good time last summer? ②.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 　My mother often went to work by taxi last year. 　When I was a student, I often listened to music. ③. 常与一般过去时态连用的时间有： 　at that time, then, at that moment, yesterday, yesterday morning (afternoon, evening…) last night (week, month, year…), 一段时间+ago(several days ago), two days ago, a week ago, three years ago …in 1990, (in 1997…) , just now, before, ago –ed 　help → helped, look → looked, play → played, work → worked, listen → listened, wash →washed, clean → cleaned, 2). 结尾是 e 的动词加 -d 　live---lived hope---hoped use---used like --- liked 3). 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加—ed 　stop---stopped ; plan---planned 4). 结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词,先变“y”为“i”再加—ed 　study---studied , carry ---carried , cry --- cried, worry → worried 3. 动词过去式的读音规则 　规则动词加-ed的读音:基本规则是轻轻,浊浊,既在轻辅音后加ed读轻辅音/t/。在浊辅音及元音后加ed读浊辅音/d/ 。例： ask → asked /a:skt/, cook → cooked /kukt/, pass → passed /pa:st/, 例： move → moved /mu:vd/, live → lived / livd/, listen → listened /`lisnd/, stay → stayed /steid/ 　在/t/ /d/ 之后念 /id/ , 即 ed 在 /t/ /d/ 音后面念 /id/ 例： start → started /sta:tid/, want → wanted /wantid/, need → needed /`ni:did/ 4.不规则动词的过去式： 1).过去式与动词原形的拼写形式相同：let → let, put → put, read → read,(注意read的过去式读[red]) 2). i → a: begin → began, drink → drank, give → gave, ring → rang, sing → sang, sit → sat, swim → swam 3). i → o: drive → drove, ride → rode, write → wrote 4). ow → ew: grow → grew, know → knew, throw → threw 5）. 含ough或augh的：bring → brought, buy → bought, think → thought；catch → caught, teach → taught 6）. am is ---was　 are ---were 　do---did 　can---could 　come---came ．be（was, were）+ not…（was, were）’t any boys in the room. 房间里没有男孩儿。 　e. Were there any boys in the room? 房间里有男孩儿吗？ 2）．行为动词的否定式和疑问式： 　①若肯定句中只有一个行为动词,那就得在行为动词前加上did not或缩略式didn’t,并把这个行为动词由过去式改为动