软件工程（美国加州大学）3.ppt

ICS 52Introduction to Software Engineering Lecture Notes for Spring Quarter, 2004 André van der Hoek Lecture 3-1 Copyright ?2004, André van der Hoek Duplication of course material for any commercial purpose without the written permission of the lecturer is prohibited. Today’s Lecture An introduction to architectural design Magic View Professional View ICS 52 Life Cycle Design Architectural design High-level partitioning of a software system into separate modules (components) Focus on the interactions among parts (connections) Focus on structural properties (architecture) “How does it all fit together?” Module design Detailed design of a component Focus on the internals of a component Focus on computational properties “How does it work?” RealAudio Example Design Interaction Architectural Design Elements Floors Walls Rooms Types Office building Villa Aircraft hanger Styles Colonial Victorian Southwestern Rules and regulations Electrical Structural Elements Components Interfaces Connections Types Office automation Game Space shuttle control Styles Pipe and filter Layered Implicit invocation Rules and regulations Use of interfaces Methods of change Software Architecture: Essentials Components What are the main parts? What aspects of the requirements do they correspond to? Where did they come from? Examples: filters, databases, GUIs, interpreters Connections How do components communicate? Examples: procedure calls, messages, pipes, event broadcast Topology How are the components and connections organized topologically? Constraints (including constraints on change) Comparison to Programming (of Modules) Architecture Modules ? interactions among parts ? implementations of parts ? structural properties ? computational properties ? system-level performance ? algorithmic performance ? outside module boundary ? inside module boundary Where do Architectures and Components Come From? Architectures: typically driven by kind of application Often possible to solve on