中国农业污染防控的制度约束研究 Study on Institutional Constraints of Agricultural Pollution Prevention and Control in China.pdfVIP

中国一欧盟农业可持续发展及生态补偿政策研 究项 目专刊 ·政策机制研 究 中国农业污染防控的制度约束研究 袁 平 (西南财经大学，四川 成都 610074) 摘 要：中国作为世界上最大的发展中国家，正经历着越发严重的农业污染问题；对农业污染防控的制度性约束因素进 行深入分析，是实现有效污染防控的前提 ，具有积极的理论和现实意义。对中国农业污染防控的制度约束分析研究表 明：农业污染及其防控涉及的利益主体关系及相关制度设计 ，对各利益主体形成了污染防控负激励 ，加重了农业污染； 城乡 “二元”结构及其衍生的～系列体制问题，导致 “三农”在农业环境治理、农村公共物品提供等方面被严重边缘化，进 而直接制约了农业污染防控；此外，高度分散的小规模农户经营模式也不利于农业污染防控。最后，针对中国农业污染 防控的制度性约束因素，提出了有针对性的农业污染防控政策建议。 关键词：农业污染防控；制度性约束 ；利益攸关者；城乡 “二元”结构 文章编号：1005—4944(2011)04—0oo6—08 StudyonInstitutionalConstraintsofAgriculturalPollutionPreventionandControlinChina YUANPing (SouthwesternUniversityofFinanceandEconomics，Chengdu610074，SichuanProvince) Abstract：Agriculturalpollution(AP)hasbeenaleadingsourceofmanyenvironmentalproblemsintheworld．China，thelargest developingcountry，hasbeensufferingthemostsevereagriculturalpollution(AP)whichismostlygettingworseandhasitsown specialeconomicandsocialinstitutions．In-depthanalysisofinstitutionalconstraintsofAPisaprerequisiteforeffectiveAPpre— ventionandcontrolinChina．OnthebasisofthestudyoninstitutionalconstraintsofAPanditscontrolinChina，someconclu— sionsaredrawn：therelationshipanditsinstitutionalarrangementbetweenstakeholderssuchasgovernment，farmers，township enterprisesinvolvedinChineseAP，arenegativeforAPcontrolandevenincreaseAP；becauseofdualisticeconomicandsocial structureofurbanandurralChina，agriculturalenvironmentalmanagementandprovisionofpublicgoodsinurralareashavebeen seriouslymarginalizedinthepast30years，therebydirectlyrestrieedAPpreventionandcontrol；also，thehighlydecentralized andsmall—scalefarmingbyindividualownersinChinaisnotconductivetoAP preventionandcontro1．Therefore，analysisot thoseinstitutionalconstraintsofAPpreventionandcontrolmaybeimportantinshapingpoliciesandeveninshapingrelatedt