基础医学院 The specificness of diseases of the nervous system.ppt

* * The specificness of diseases of the nervous system: 1 The localization of function in the CNS, which has four major consequences: (1) The brain is vulnerable to small focal lesions that would be asymptomatic in other organs. (2) The same pathologic process manifests in a different way when it affects a different part of the system ，e.g. meningioma :in the factory groove ---anosmia ， at the foramen magnum ---progressive quadriparesis. (3) There are regions of selective vulnerability to particular pathologic insults, e.g., Purkinje cells of the cerebellum and pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus are particularly vulnerable to ischemia. (4) The same type of pathologic change can occur in different diseases (e.g., neurofibrillary tangles). Diagonosis is by distribution (localization) of the pathologic change. 2 The nervous system has specific anatomic and physiologic features that affect the expression of disease, principally the presence of the skull, the CSF, the blood-brain barrier, and the absence of lymphatic drainage. 3 Diseases of the nervous system fall into two main groups: Those that occur in both the nervous system and other organs , e.g., ininfections. (2) Conditions unique to the nervous system, notably the diseases of myelin and system degenerations of neurons. Section 1 Infectious diseases ① those of the meninges and CSF ------meningitis ②those of the brain parenchyma ------encephalitis ③meningitis extends into the brain or encephalitis spills over into the CSF-----Meningoencephalitis Bacterial infection-----Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis Viral infection------Epidemic encephalitis B ------ Poliomyelitis ------Spongiform Encephalopathies 一、Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis It is an acute purulent inflammation of meninges which was caused by meningococcus . Epidemic cerebrospinal menin