煤矿矿区综合治理.doc

煤矿矿区综合治理 摘 要：煤炭作为我国最主要的能源，在经济发展中发挥了重要作用。然而，长期传统的粗放型生产经营方式引起许多诸多环境污染和生态破坏问题，并且也已成为影响我国社会、经济和区域可持续发展的综合性制约因素。在分析煤矿开采造成矿区土地资源浪费、水资源破坏和大气污染现状的基础上，根据可持续发展思想，结合ISO14000环境管理标准，提出了以自然-经济-社会复合生态系统理论为基础的矿区生态环境管理体系和“绿色开采技术”。 关键词：煤矿开采；矿区生态；绿色开采；综合治理 目 录 1．煤矿的环保要求·························································1 1.1 当前中国煤矿开采的现状·············································1 1.2 环保型煤矿开采的起源···············································2 1.2.1 传统煤矿的缺陷·················································2 1.2.2 中国人民普遍思想素质的提高·····································2 1.2.3 国际环保呼声空前强烈···········································2 2．矿区生态综合治理·······················································3 2.1 煤矿生态系统·······················································3 2.2 污染煤矿环境的主要影响因子·········································6 2.3 运用生态原理来规划和治理煤矿环境···································7 2.4 煤矿区生态环境管理······································································8 2.4.1 环境管理标准的特征及其意义·····································8 2.4.2 构建煤矿区生态环境管理体系的措施·······························9 3. 开发绿色开采技术实现可持续发展········································10 3.1 矿井保水开采技术研究···············································10 3.2 改革巷道布置和采煤方法，减少岩石巷道·······························11 3.3 采空区充填技术研究·····································································11 3.4 减少煤矿瓦斯排放的技术研究·········································12 3.5 矿区土地复垦与综合治理技术研究·····································12 结论·····································································14 参考文献································································15 致 谢····································································16 1．煤矿的环保要求 1.1 当前中国煤矿开采的现状 煤炭在我国能源结构中约占75 % ，在国民经济和社会发展中具有重要的地位和作用。然而，长期以来，煤炭大规模的开发和利用主要沿用传统的、粗放型的生产经营方式，造成大量污染物的产生和排放，引发许多环境污染和生态环境破坏问题。然而，由于长期以来煤矿矿山追求短期的经济效益，对矿山的环境保护问题重视不够，造成了严重的环境污染，特别是在煤炭行业不景气的时候，煤矿更是没有精力顾及环境保护，加之管理监督不善，使煤矿环境状况更加恶化。尤其是过度及不合理地开采与开发，已对矿山及其周围环境造成了严重的污染并诱发出了多种环境地质灾害。由于露天矿和井下矿煤炭的开采，煤