拉分盆地.pptxVIP

Pull-Apart Basins Major: Marine geology 2013.01.02 General description concept A pull-apart basin (strike-slip basin, rhombochasm) is type of structural basin which is developed between two offset segments or at a flexure in a strike-slip fault or a transform fault. A pull-apart basin develops where the sense of offset leads to extension, either at a right-stepping offset on a dextral sense fault or a left-stepping offset on a sinistral fault. This geometry means that fault displacement will literally pull a section of crust apart and cause the extension. General description settings T.h.Nilson;R.J.McLaughlin,1985 Nilson和McLaughlin (1985)根据Little Sulphur Creek 盆地、Ridge盆地和Hornelen盆地的研究成果，系统总结了拉分盆地地层和沉积充填特征。 Main characters Main characters Gerhard Einsele,2000 Unique key points and differences from other basins Li Xiaoqing, Wang Zecheng, 2003 Unique key points and differences from other basins Li Xiaoqing, Wang Zecheng, 2003 Example — Gulf of California 加利福尼亚及其邻近地区的断层系统和盆地（Lachenbruch和Sass,1980) After an initial shallow-marine “proto-gulf” rift stage, the present Gulf of California formed along the transform boundary between the North American and the Pacific plates. The dextral, somewhat transtensional plate motions operated at an average rate of several cm/a. As a result, a series of pull-apart basins was generated which now lie 2000-3000 m below sea level, seperated by the growing pull-apart basins, new oceanic crust was accreted (stage of early drifting ). In contrast to mid-oceanic spreading ridges of mature oceans, the spreading centers of these pull-apart basins are located in the morphological basin deeps, thus forming spreading troughs. Although these troughs collect large amounts of hemipelagic sediments, turbidites, and mass flows from nearby slopes and marine deltas, they remain open due to the continuing rapid growth of the basins. Example — Gulf of California 加利福尼亚边界区走滑构造格架图（据Moore,1969;Junger,1976) Example — Gulf of California 图片据T.h.Nilso