大地构造——Gregory A.DevisDD- 6-8 Subduction-IIIb.pdf

Gregory Davis Dizhi Daxue 6/8/2011 SUBDUCTION EROSION ….. Why do some oceanic subduction zones NOT have accretionary wedges? • Climate factors — too little rainfall in coastal areas to make much erosion (N. Chile, South American Andes - next slide) • For some island arcs, islands too small to contribute much sediment to their trenches • In most cases, there are no accretionary wedges because the inner wall of the trench is being eroded tectonically, not being the site of sediment offscraping. • This process is called subduction erosion. In the two maps to the left, note the correlation between rainfall and trench sediment thickness As the oceanic plate approaches the trench during subduction, it bends elastically and develops normal faults on the stretched ocean side of the trench. The resulting horst and graben fault structure is subducted along with any sediments that fill the graben. As the oceanic plate approaches the trench during subduction, it bends elastically and develops normal faults on the stretched ocean side of the trench. The resulting horst and graben fault structure is subducted along with any sediments that fill the graben. N. Chile — little trench sediments; no accretionary wedge; crystalline bedrock (some of it Precambrian) near the trench From the Late Jurassic to the Early Tertiary the Andean volcanic front has shifted eastward due to subduction erosion of the continental margin. IZU-BONIN ARC MARIANA ARC MARIANA TRENCH seamounts 6-0 30-17 Ma 49-40 Ma MARIANA ARC AND TRENCH — No Accretionary Wedge Mariana forearc Mariana volcanic arc