戴伊-理解公共政策简介.ppt

Chapter 9: International Trade and Immigration ? Public Policy Analysis - 1/4 of the world’s total output is sold in a country other that where it was made - US exports 11%--aircraft, computers-- and imports 12%--automobiles - Comparative Advantage: what each nation produces best shift toward making that - US corps want lower trade barriers around the world--lower US tariffs - GATT--General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade--regulate international trade - WTO--World Trade Organization--adjudicate trade disputes among nations - IMF--International Monetary Fund--facilitate trade by lending - World Bank--long term loans - NAFTA--eventual removal of all tariffs between US, Canada, and Mexico - Dumping--sale of foreign goods in US markets at prices lower than charged in home--Japanese automobiles - Foreign trade lower US wages - US corps want immigration for cheap labor - Immigration Act of 1921--max # immigrants accepted each year - Immigration and Reform Act of 1986/ Simpson-Mazzoli Act---regulate employers hiring immigrants - Aliens have no Constitutional right to come to US, but once here that have right to due process and equal protection - US Supreme Court mandate that state and local government cant exclude immigrants from benefits - Proposition 187 Not clear how they were to be achieved Act specifically denies government control of curriculum, instruction, and allocation of state and local education B. Clinton Initiatives Supported National testing and proposed additional federal funds for school construction, tax credits and deductions for college tuition Issue of who will set National standards and how to measure achievement C. What works? Research shows children do better when schools are seen as an extension of their families D. Parental Choice Parental choice is supposed to encourage competition which in turn encourages academic advancement Allow parents to make educators give students what they want or they risk a large loss