内科冠心病.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * 钙通道阻滞剂 极化液 十二 其他治疗 * 无症状型冠心病 亦称隐匿型冠心病 可能的原因： 有AS病变，但较轻或侧支循环好或痛阈较高 虽无症状但存在心肌缺血有可能突然恶化为 AP/AMI 需冠脉造影明确诊断 需鉴别： 自主神经功能紊乱和其他影响ST-T改变的疾病 * 缺血性心肌病型冠心病 病理基础：心肌纤维化或称硬化 临床特点： 渐进性心脏扩大、心律失常、心力衰竭 诊断线索：EKG示心肌缺血 UCG示局部室壁运动失常 既往有心绞痛或心肌梗死病史 主要鉴别于：DCM、心肌炎、高血压心脏病 * 猝死型冠心病 猝死：WHO：6小时；多数：1小时 心脏性猝死一半以上因冠心病所致 年龄多不太大，生前可无症状 病理检查：有AS病变，多数并无血栓 解释：AS+冠脉痉挛/微循环血栓—— 急性心肌缺血—— 局部电生理紊乱—— 致命性心律失常（心室颤动） * 二级预防应全面综合考虑，为便于记忆归纳为A、B、C、D、E为符号的5个方面： A Aspirin 抗血小板聚集（或氯吡格雷） Anti－anginals therapy 抗心绞痛硝酸类制剂 B Beta-blocker 预防心律失常，减轻心脏负荷等 Blood pressure control 控制好血压 C Cholesterol lowing 控制血脂水平 Cigarette quiting 戒烟 D Diet control 控制饮食 Diabetes treatment治疗糖尿病 E Education 普及有关冠心病的教育（患者和家属） Exercise 鼓励有计划、适当的运动锻炼 * 复习思考题 1、急性心肌梗死应如何诊断与分型？ 2、急性心脏梗死的处理原则有哪些？ 3、急性心肌梗死的处理措施。 4、溶栓治疗的指征、禁忌证和疗效判断。 5、冠心病的二级预防包括哪些？ 6、了解PCI术 * 动脉粥样硬化的特点是受累动脉的病变从内膜开始 在动脉内膜积聚的脂质外观呈黄色粥样 * * Atherosclerosis is a complex disease. Atherosclerotic plaques can be subdivided in accordance with their age and state of development. It is the newly formed lesions with a large lipid core, thin capped, which are fragile and therefore likely to rupture and lead to an acute ischemic event. * * * Slide 3 Atherothrombosis: a Generalized and Progressive Process Atherothrombosis is the common underlying disease process for MI, ischemia and vascular death. ACS are classic examples of atherothrombosis (plaque rupture and thrombus formation). ACS (in common with ischemic stroke and critical leg ischemia) are typically caused by rupture or erosion of an atherosclerotic plaque followed by formation of a platelet-rich thrombus. Atherosclerosis is an ongoing process affecting mainly large and medium-sized arteries, which can begin in childhood and progress throughout a person’s lifetime. Stable atherosclerotic plaques may encroach on the lumen of the artery and cause chronic ischemia, resulting in