心脏起搏器心电图PPT.ppt

CorePace Module 4: Troubleshooting 2:1 block is characterized by atrial rates that occur at intervals less than the total atrial refractory period (TARP). Every other P-wave falls into the refractory period and is therefore not proceeded by a paced ventricular event. Patients who experience 2:1 block, particularly those who are active at the time the event occurs, will feel the precipitous drop in rate, which is cut in half. CorePace Module 4: Troubleshooting Electrical reset, or 揵ack-up,？modes are usually exhibited by a rate change and often by a mode change. Electrocautery uses radiofrequency current to cut or coagulate tissues. For example, a pacemaker may interpret the radiofrequency signal as an intrinsic event, which would result in inappropriate inhibition of a pacing pulse and could cause the pacemaker to revert to a back-up mode. Defibrillation may damage both the pulse generator and cardiac tissue because it delivers a large amount of electrical energy in the vicinity of the pacemaker. If the pacemaker抯 protective mechanisms are overwhelmed by defibrillation, the back-up mode will be activated. Elective replacement indicators are often similar to back-up modes. CorePace Module 4: Troubleshooting PMT is tachycardia that is induced by pacemaker operation. If PMT occurs, it will affect rate changes as seen on the ECG strip. PMT intervention will extend the PVARP to 400 ms following 8 consecutive events. CorePace Module 4: Troubleshooting If a patient is active it is easy to equate rate increases with rate responsive pacing. Some patients may experience 揻alse positive？increases in rate from their sensors. In the case of a piezoelectric crystal, the pacemaker may begin pacing at a faster rate if, for example, the patient is either lying on the side that the pacemaker is implanted on or experiencing a bumpy car ride. Minute ventilation sensors measure the change in respiration rate and tidal volume. If a patient experiences rapid respiration resulting fr