桦木酸的药理作用研究进展.PDFVIP

·2118 · 中草药 Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs 第 45 卷 第 14 期 2014 年 7 月 桦木酸的药理作用研究进展 易金娥，邬 静，文利新，夏 伟，朱若岑，蒋维维，谭柱良* 湖南农业大学动物医学院，湖南 长沙 410128 摘 要：桦木酸（betulinic acid ，BA ）属于羽扇豆烷型五环三萜类物质，广泛分布于多种植物中，具有抗肿瘤、抗艾滋病、 免疫调节、抗氧化应激、抗菌、抗炎以及抗寄生虫等广泛的药理作用。由于 BA 具有优越的抗肿瘤和抗艾滋病活性，在恶性 肿瘤和艾滋病等威胁人类健康的疾病防治方面具有广阔的应用前景。BA 还能提高机体的抗氧化能力、增强免疫力，在机体 的抗氧化损伤和免疫调节过程中发挥着重要作用。就BA 的药理作用进行详细综述，为BA 的研究和开发利用提供参考。 关键词：桦木酸；抗肿瘤；抗艾滋病病毒；免疫调节；抗氧化 中图分类号：R285 文献标志码：A 文章编号：0253 - 2670(2014)14 - 2118 - 07 DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2014.14.029 Research progress on pharmacological activities of betulinic acid YI Jin-e, WU Jing, WEN Li-xin, XIA Wei, ZHU Ruo-cen, JIANG Wei-wei, TAN Zhu-liang College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China Abstract: Betulinic acid (BA) is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpene that is widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom. A variety of pharmacological activities have been ascribed to BA, including antitumor, anti-HIV, immunomodulatory, anti-oxidative, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antihelmintic activities. BA is a very promising new chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of HIV infection and cancer due to the greater potencies and better therapeutic indices than some clinically used drugs. Notably, BA may play an increasingly important role in immune regulation and against oxidative damage as an immunomodulator and anti-oxidant. The pharmacological activities of BA are reviewed which provide a reference for the future research and utilization of BA. Key words: betulinic acid; antitumor; anti-HIV; immunomodulation; anti-oxidation 随着高效分离和提取技术的发展，从植物中提 20 世纪 90 年代，Kim 等[3]首先采用 2 步法从白 取生物活性物质作为药物使用越来越受到重视。桦 桦树皮中提取到了 BA，结构式见图 1。1995 年发现 木酸（betulinic acid ，BA ）属于羽扇豆烷型五环三 BA 对黑素瘤细胞具有极强的选择性细胞毒性[4]，能 萜类物质，广泛分布于如鼠李科、桃金娘科和桦木