唐斌-数字信号处理课件-chp6 第1讲1.pptVIP

Ch6. Structures for Discrete-Time Systems Main contents Block diagram representation of difference equation 6.0 Introduction 6.0 Introduction 6.1-6.2 Block diagram representation and Signal flow graph representation Example 6.1 Example 6.3 Determine the system function from a flow graph Example 6.3 Determine the system function from a flow graph 6.3 Basic structures for IIR systems Example. Draw direct form I and II for the given system 6.3.2 Cascade Form 6.3.2 Cascade Form 设M=N(偶数)，则Ns =N/2。直接I型和II型需要(2N+1)个乘法器,五乘法器二阶节的级联结构需要(5N/2)个乘法器，四乘法器的二阶节的级联结构需要(2N+1)个乘法器。 当采用定点运算时，常用五乘法器的二阶节，因为它可以分配系统增益，从而可以适当控制各节点上信号的大小，避免超出动态范围。当采用浮点运算时，动态范围不存在问题，用四乘法器的二阶节可减少计算量。 Example. Draw a cascade form for the given system 6.3.3 Parallel Form Example 6.6 Draw the parallel form for the given system 6.3.4 Feedback in IIR systems Homework 6.22, 6.31 Class Test 1. Determine the difference equation that relates the output y[n] to the input x[n] from the following signal flow graph. Signal flow graph representation of difference equation Basic structures for IIR SY Basic structures for FIR SY For a SY with rational system function Basic operations to realize a LTI system: Block diagram, Signal flow graph 可直观体现系统的实现结构和运算步骤，乘法、加法运算次数以及存储单元的多少 Two equivalent representations: addition, multiplication by a constant, delay 不同结构所需要的延时（存储）单元、乘法次数可能不同，前者影响系统复杂度，后者影响运算速度。 在有限字长情况下，不同运算结构的精度、误差、稳定性也可能不同。 通过数学变换，同一系统可以有多种实现结构，它们在数学上是等价，但不同的运算结构将会影响系统的运算速度、复杂度、精度、误差、稳定性等许多重要性能。 Block diagram symbols: addition: multiplication: unit delay: Signal flow graph symbols: node Source node node Sink node branch Block diagram representation: Signal flow graph representation: The value at each node in a graph is the sum of the outputs of all branches entering the node. ZT The value at each node in a graph is the sum of the outputs of all branches entering the node. Require only one multiplication and one delay (memory) element Require two multiplication and two delay (memory) element Direct Form