5.语言和大脑language_and_brain.pptVIP

Languages and the brain Two areas in human brain Lateralization How is the brain organized for multiple languages? Specific Questions Psychological Perspectives Two Major Areas of the Human Brain Broca’s area （an area in the left frontal lobe左半脑额叶)—— responsible for the ability to speak. Wernicke’s area (a nearby area adjacent to the part of the cortex脑皮层 )—— responsible for language processing. Language is represented primarily in the left half of the brain within an area around the sylvian fissure (a cleavage separating lobes in the brain-大脑侧裂) Language activity is not localized, but core linguistic processes are typically in the left hemisphere. lateralization (脑部的偏侧优势) Specialization of the two halves of the brain is known as lateralization, and is present to some extent in infancy. There is increased specialization as the brain matures and has less plasticity（可塑性）. [note]: plasticity: According to Lenneberg, before the end of the critical period, both hemispheres are involved to some extent in language and one can take over if the other is damaged. This neurological flexibility is called brain plasticity . Critical Period Hypothesis(关键期假说)——Lenneberg children had only a limited number of years to acquire their L1 flawlessly. If they suffered brain damage to the language areas, brain plasticity in childhood would allow other areas of the brain to take over the language functions of the damaged areas, but beyond a certain age, normal language would not be possible. Principal Communicative Specialization of L and R Hemisphere Notes: Hemispheric specialization for language is the same regardless of whether the language is spoken or not. The typical distribution of primary functions is probably due to the left hemisphere’s being more powerful than the right and therefore better suited for processing the highly complex elements of language. How Is the Brain Organized for Multiple Languages? Possibility: multiple languages may be represente