【精品】DEVELOPMENT 2006年我国中药资源研究与学 .84.ppt

Input/Output The computer’s response time is no match for ours. Presentation dr. Patrick De Causmaecker url: http://www2.kahosl.be/~patdc E-mail patdc@kahosl.be Books reference Modern Operating Systems, A. Tanenbaum, Prentice Hall inc. 1992, chapter 5 (main text and exam material) Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles, third edition, Prentice Hall inc. 1998, chapter 11. (more detailed text for reference and further reading) http://WilliamS/OS3e.html The O.S. and the I/O hardware Management of I/O devices is a main task for the operating system. Handle message passing to and from the system Handle interrupts and errors Offer a simple interface Offer device independence (to some degree) Viewpoints. Users Programmers Technicians Overview I/O Devices Principles of I/O Hardware Design Objectives Disks Clocks Terminals I/O Devices (Classification Stallings) Man readable Printers, graphical terminals, screen, keyboard, mouse, pointing devices,… Machine readable Disks, tapes, sensors, controllers, actuators Communication Modems I/O Devices Differences Data transfer rates Range from 0,01 kbytes/sec (keyboard) till 30.000 kbytes/second (graphical screen) Disks typically have 500 kbytes/sec (optical) till 2000 kbytes/sec (magnetic) Application Disk for files or for virtual memory Influences disk scheduling and caching strategy Complexity OS is isolated from most of the complexity by an I/O module (controller) I/O Devices Unit of transfer Blocks of characters versus streams of characters Representation of data Coding conventions, parity,… Error states Kind of errors, reporting modes,… Need a uniform approach to I/O as seen from the user and from the operating system point of view Organisation The I/O function can be approached in three ways: Programmed I/O: continuous attention of the processor is required Interrupt driven I/O: processor launches I/O and can continue until interrupted Direct memory access: the dma module governs the exchange of data between the