托福阅读修辞目的题典型题分析：例证类之一精选.pdfVIP

智 课 网 托 福 备 考 资 料 托福阅读修辞目的题典型题分析：例证类之一 Paragraph 5: Dependence on long-distance trade also meant that the great empires of the Middle East were built both literally and figuratively on shifting sand. The central state, though often very rich and very populous, was intrinsically fragile, since the development of new international trade routes could undermine the monetary base and erode state power, as occurred when European seafarers circumvented Middle Eastern merchants after Vasco da Gamas voyage around Africa in the late fifteenth-century opened up a southern route. The ecology of the region also permitted armed predators to prowl the surrounding barrens, which were almost impossible for a state to control. Peripheral peoples therefore had a great advantage in their dealings with the center, making government authority insecure and anxious. ? In paragraph 5, why does the author mention the new trade route opened up by Vasco da Gamar’s fifteenth-century voyage around Africa? o To provide evidence that European seafarers took every opportunity to bypass Middle Eastern merchants o To present an instance in which Middle Eastern states lost money and power because of their reliance on long-distance trade o To argue this new route became necessary when European seafarers wanted to avoid Middle Eastern states whose central power had begun to erode o To explain how da Gama helped European traders avoid the dangerous predators prowling the areas surrounding Middle Eastern cities. 答案：B 解析：Vasco da Gamar所在句子由as occurred引导。通过as（就 像）可知，as后引导的内容为前一句的例子，所以前一句为论点句。答 案B是原句的同义替换。 ======================================= ===================== ? Paragraph 3: Glaciers are part of Earths hydrologic cycle and are second only to the oceans in the total amount of water contained. About 2 percent of Earths water is currently frozen as ice. Two percent may be a deceiving figure, however, since ov