C++基础入门24.pptVIP

CIS 4930Application Development Using C++Dr. Kun Suk KimCISE Department, University of Florida Virtual Functions Virtual: How? To write C++ programs: Assume it happens by ‘magic’! But explanation involves late binding Virtual functions implement late binding Tells compiler to ‘wait’ until function is used inprogram Decide which definition to use based oncalling object Very important OOP principle! Polymorphism Polymorphism, late binding, and virtual functions refer to the same topic Virtual function is a kind of member function Late binding refers to the mechanism used to decide which function definition to use when a function is virtual Polymorphism is anther name for late binding Overriding Virtual function definition changed in aderived class We say it’s been ‘overidden’ Similar to redefined Recall: for standard functions So: Virtual functions changed: overridden Non-virtual functions changed: redefined Overriding Overridden vs. redefined Users do the same thing in both cases The two cases are treated differently by the compiler Virtual Functions: Why Not All? Clear advantages to virtual functions aswe’ve seen One major disadvantage: overhead! Uses more storage Late binding is ‘on the fly’, so programs runslower So if virtual functions not needed, shouldnot be used Pure Virtual Functions Base class might not have ‘meaningful’definition for some of it’s members! It’s purpose solely for others to derive from Recall class Figure All figures are objects of derived classes Rectangles, circles, triangles, etc. Class Figure has no idea how to draw! Make it a pure virtual function:virtual void draw() = 0; Abstract Base Classes Pure virtual functions require no definition Forces all derived classes to define ‘theirown’ version Class with one or more pure virtualfunctions is: abstract base class Can only be used as base class No objects can ever be created from it Since it doesn’t have complete ‘definitions’ of allit’s members! If derived class fa