PPC复习提纲（清华大学）PPC_Chapter3.pdfVIP

Production and Operation Analysis 复习提纲 Chapter 3 Aggregate Planning 重点：A Prototype Problem，介绍了3 种策略 1. Task , Objective and Methodology  Task: 两个任务，劳动力和产量 a) Decide how many employees; b) Decide the quantity and the mix of products  Objective: 三个目标 a) React quickly to changes; b) Maximize profit; c) Retain stable work force  Methodology: a) Translate demand forecasts into a blueprint for planning staffing and production levels over a planning horizon b) Not limited to top-level planning c) Heuristic (approximate) and optimal approaches 2. Aggregate unit of production  Average unit: types of items are similar，此时用中档的产量最大的作为典型来计算  Aggregate unit : Many different types of items are produced，此时要从不同的角度来考虑，如Weight, Volume, Amount of work required, Dollar value  一个例子：生产6 种型号的洗衣机，Aggregate Unit = 工时 销量比例  Hierarchical Production Planning (HPP) Consider workforce sizes for t period planning horizon and production rates at a variety of levels of the firm. 针对Aggregate planning 提出的hierarchy: a) Items (SKU, stock-keeping unit) b) Families (A group of items) c) Types (Groups of families by a single aggregate plan) 3. Overview of the Aggregate planning problem  已知T 计划展望期内的需求，求the number of workers to be employed 和the number of aggregate units to be produced  四个需要考虑的问题： Smoothing ：招聘和解雇工人 Bottleneck problems：当某月的预计需求突然上升，产能不足，产生瓶颈 By Xu Shanshan, 2010 Production and Operation Analysis 复习提纲 Planning horizon：如何取T Treatment of demand ：忽略预测误差 4. Cost in aggregate planning 七种成本： a) Smoothing cost ：招聘和解雇工人带来的成本 b) Holding costs：持货成本，以期末的库存计算 c) Shortage costs ：缺货成本，包括延迟交货的惩罚成本和顾客忠诚度下降的成本 d) Regular time costs “Sunk Cost”：沉没成本 e) Overtime cost and Subcontracting cost ：加班和外包成本 f) Idle time c