系统分析201310.pptVIP

模块功能应该是可预测的 模块的功能应是能够预测的，但也要避免模块受到过分的限制。 一个模块是可预测的是指将该模块当成一个“黑盒”，只要输入的数据相同就会产生相同的输出。带有内部“记忆（memory）”功能的模块可能是不可预测的除非采取特别的措施。 一个模块的处理限制在一个单一的子功能上意味着高内聚。然而，如果我们任意限制模块使用的局部数据结构的大小、控制流中的选择、或外部接口的模式，则这样的模块可应用的范围就过分局限。在以后的过程中将不可避免地对这样的模块进行维护以消除我们当时所做出的限制。 总之，以上列举的启发规则多数是经验性的，对改进设计，提高软件质量，往往有重要的参考价值。但是，它们既不是设计的目标也不是设计时应该普遍（无条件）遵循的原理。 实现有效模块化设计启发规则 Module Algorithm Design: Pseudocode Describes internal logic of software modules Variation of structured English that is closer to programming code Syntax should mirror development language Three types of control statements used in structured programming: Sequence: sequence of executable statements Decision: if-then-else logic Iteration: do-until or do-while Pseudocode for theCalculate pay amounts hierarchy Integrating Structured Application Design with Other Design Tasks Structure chart must be modified or enhanced to integrate design of user interface and database Are additional modules needed? Does pseudocode in modules need modification? Are additional data couples needed to pass data? Structure charts and system flowcharts must correspond to planned network architecture Required protocols, capacity, and security Three-Layer Design Three-layer architecture: View layer, business logic layer, and data layer Structure charts and system flowcharts describe design decisions and software structuring Employs multiple programs for user interface, business logic, and data access modules Modules in different layers communicate over real-time links using well-defined protocols System Flowchart Showing Three-Layer Architecture for Customer Order Structure Chart Showing Three-Layer Architecture for Create New Order A simple RMO form tofind, add, or update Customer data RMO Customer form used to find, add, or update customer data Visual Basic code forthe form shown Three-Layer Design 当用户点击Search button时，事件过程（程序）btnSearch_Click( ) 开始执行，这时输入到表单中的CustomerID number被转递到业务逻辑层中的一个代码模块中的某个功能或函数中。视图层不会包括顾客搜索的细节。 下图给出了被btnSearch_Click() 事件过程调用的