2M _基本知识.pptVIP

26.11. 97 - 28.11.97 The World of Synchronous Networks 2M 原理 将模拟信号经过数字化处理形成数字信号，从而使模拟传输变成数字传输。 模拟信号的数字化处理 脉冲编码调制（PCM） 模拟信号 抽样 量化 编码 PCM数字信号 数字信号复接 抽样 量化 编码 PCM 信号速率 数字信号复接 2 Mb/s 帧结构 PCM30帧 PCM31帧 帧同步 信令复帧 信令复帧 CRC 复帧 PCM30C 31C 帧的同步 循环冗余校验 CRC 错误 2 Mb/s 帧结构 告警：No signal 多于 31 个连贯比特周期无脉冲或信号电平约小于40dB。 AIS： Alarm Indication Signal ITU-T 定义: 接收数据分为 512 比特部分。 如果多于509个比特为1,则为 AIS 。 CRC 错误 远端帧告警 误码 误码是指传输过程中码元发生了错误。是接收与发送信号之间单个数字的差错。 误码过程是个复杂的随机过程。产生误码的机理和过程不同且复杂。 目前只采用几个参数来描述和规范误码 。 性能参数 UAS 不可用秒 DTE和DCE V系列接口 计算机网络的物理层V系列接口协议是DTE和DCE或其它通信设备之间的一组约定，主要解决网络节点与物理信道如何连接的问题。 物理层V系列接口协议规定了标准接口的机械连接特性、电气信号特性、信号功能特性以及交换电路的规程特性， 其作用是确保比特流能在物理信道上传输。 V系列接口类型 V.24/RS-232C 接头 V.35 接口 A C E B D F H J K L M N P R S T U V W X Y Z AA BB CC DD EE FF HH JJ LL KK MM NN When telephony began more than 100 years ago, only one speech connection at a time could be made, using a specific pair of copper wires. Speech was transmitted as analogue electrical signals, corresponding to its tonal variations. As technology progressed, digitalisation was introduced into telephony, improving transmission reliability and resulting in better use of cables. However signals from subscribers are transmitted in analogue form, making a digitalisation process necessary. 块大小是一个范围 G.828快2000/8000桢 Performance of a transmission system is a very important factor. G.821 is defined for a 64 kbit/s channel and therefor not very useful for the SDH hierarchies. G.826 is a block based performance analyses and not limited to the 64 kbit/s level. G.826 uses the parity bytes B1, B2, B3 and V5 for evaluating the performance characteristic. G.711Sampling is the periodical measurement of the value of the analogue signal. A sampled signal contains all the information if the sampling frequency is at least twice the highest frequency of the signal to be sampled. As the analogue signals in telephony are band-limited from 300 to 3400Hz, a sampling frequency of 8000Hz