虚拟语气和倒装精选.ppt

* 虚拟语气、倒装句型 四川成都温江 徐 蓉 虚拟语气 虚拟语气是通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达的愿望、 假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等语气，它不表示客观存在。 一.虚拟语气在单句中的用法 常用来表示祝愿、采用固定的倒装句式。例如： Long live the People’s Republic of China! 中华人民共和国万岁！ May you be happy! 祝你快乐！ have a good time! 玩得愉快！ succeed! 成功！ make progress! 进步！ 二、虚拟语气在复合句中的用法 1.虚拟语气在非真实性条件句与主句中的用法 表示与现在 事实相反 条件从句 主句 与过去事实 相反 与将来事实 可能相反 一般过去时 (be多用于were） would/should/could/ might＋动词原形 过去完成时 would/should/could/ might＋have done 一般过去时 （be多用were） should do, were to do would/should/could/ might＋动词原形 例如： If I were you, I should accept the invitation. If I had time, I would go there. If you had come earlier, you couldn’t/wouldn’t have missed the bus. If he had seen you yesterday, he would have returned your book. If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off. If you dropped/should drop/were to drop the glass, it would break. Attention: 1. if的省略 如果条件句中有were, had, should 等助动词，可将if省 略，而把were, had或should置于句首,来表达以if引导 的条件句的相同意思。 Should it rain/Were it to rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off. Had he seen you yesterday, he would have returned your book. 2. 条件句或主句的省略 当有上下文或上下句中的语言环境暗示的时候，表示虚 拟语气的从句或主句往往可以省略，以避免重复。 -Why didn’t you attend the party yesterday? -I would/should have, but I was too busy then. I was surprised that you didn’t like this job. You could have done it better.(后面省略了if you had liked it.） 3.混合时间条件句与主句 条件句与主句的动作发生的时间有先后之差，应按各 自动作时间搭配好相应的结构形式。 例如：If the teacher hadn’t been ill yesterday, who could give us a lecture now? If you had reviewed the lesson, you would answer the question now. 4. 含蓄条件句与主句 即用without(＝but for), or(else) ，otherwise 代替if从句。 例如：Without/But for his help, we wouldn’t have made such great progress. = If there hadn’t been his help, we wouldn’t have made ……. = If we hadn’t his help, we wouldn’t have made…