大学物理双语版奥本汉姆课件Chap1314-waves.pptVIP

13-5 Standing Waves (P341) A special case of interference —– two waves with the same amplitude and wavelength, but traveling in opposite directions. (Fig.13-27 in P 341 ) A standing wave is not wave since it does not move (lost the feature of waves). It has a certain wave-pattern,各点以各自确定的振幅在各自平衡位置附近振动,没有振动状态或相位的传播. 驻波是一种特殊的振动状态。 The standing wave is said to be produced at resonance(共振)at resonant frequencies (P341). To analyze a standing wave, we represent two waves with: For combined waves, from superposition-principle, It does not describe a traveling wave because it is not of the form of . Instead, it describe a standing wave. ) sin( ) , ( 1 t kx y t x y m w - = ) sin( ) , ( 2 t kx y t x y m w + = equation of SW ) sin( ) sin( ) , ( t kx y t kx y t x Y m m w w + + - = ￠ t kx y t x Y m w cos ] sin 2 [ ) , ( = ￠ The amplitude in a SW varies with position. (i) The zero amplitude is for values of kx that give |sinkx|=0. Those values are The stationary position of zero displacement in SW is called nodes (波节). The interval between pairs of nodes is given by Adjacent nodes are separated by half a wavelength. 1. The distribution of amplitude ( ) kx y m sin 2 or –— nodes ) ( ,... 2 , 1 , 0 = p = n n kx l = n x 2 (ii) The amplitude of the SW has a maximum value 2ym (or 2A), which occurs where |sinkx|=1. The positions satisfied these condition are called antinodes (波腹). The interval between pairs of two antinodes is also l/2. or –— antinodes (iii) The amplitude of the rest positions except nodes and antinodes are between 0 and 2A. Look at the example 13-7 of P343 and section 13-9 after class, please, ···) , 2 , 1 , 0 ( ) 1 2 ( 2 1 = + = n n kx p The phase of particles between adjacent nodes are same and out of phase at two sides of nodes (相邻波节之间的相位相同,而波节的两边相位相反). 3. Reflections at a boundary In a fixed (or hard ) reflection, there must be a node at the boundary —– reflected and incident pulses must be out of phase at the point (在反