分子生物学导论（英汉对照）Chapter 8 DNA Replication.ppt

After strands have been separated by the helicase, it is crucial that they do not stick back together. To ensure this, small proteins called single-strand DNA binding proteins (SSBs) cover the separated strands, eliminating their attraction to each other. SSBs also protect the strands from being broken and degraded. This is an important function because single strands of DNA are less stable than double-stranded DNA. Though seemingly simple, SSBs are so important that E. coli cannot survive if these proteins are inactivated. 在解旋酶分开了DNA链之后，防止它们又结合回去非常重要。为了确保这一点，称为单链DNA结合蛋白（SSBs）的小蛋白覆盖到已分开的链上，消除了它们之间的互相吸引。SSB同时也保护DNA链防止链发生断裂和降解。这是一项很重要的功能，因为单链DNA没有双链DNA那么稳定。虽然看起来很简单，但SSB是如此重要以致于如果这些蛋白失去活性的话大肠杆菌就不能生存。 Secondly, DNA polymerase III is used for almost all of replication. DNA Polymerase III contains up to 10 subunits, all of which are named by Greek letters. The full collection of subunits, which is required for normal replication in the cell, is called the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme. The minimal collection of subunits needed for polymerization is called the DNA polymerase III core. 第二，DNA聚合酶III几乎在所有复制过程中都起作用。它含有近10个亚基，所有亚基都以希腊字母命名。所有亚基在一起组成的酶称为DNA聚合酶III全酶，是细胞正常复制所需要的。聚合反应所需要的最少亚基组合称为DNA聚合酶III核心酶。 The three subunits of the core polymerase are α, ε, and θ. The α subunit, part of the core, is responsible for polymerization of nucleotides. ε and θ subunits are required for an error correction mechanism of DNA polymerase. 核心聚合酶的三个亚基是α、ε和θ。 核心聚合酶的α亚基负责核苷酸聚合反应。DNA聚合酶需要它的ε亚基和θ亚基在校正机理中发挥作用。 The core polymerase alone is able to polymerize DNA, but it has very little processivity. This means that the polymerase frequently falls off the DNA, and is unable to synthesize long, continuous strands. The core polymerase can only polymerize approximately 10 nucleotides before detaching from the template. The β subunit, also called the sliding clamp, is a donut shaped protein, like helicase. Its two subunits clamp around the DNA template and also bind to the core, preventing i