基因工程讲稿-1.ppt

Increasing YieldsStress-tolerance 4 B E N E F I T S biotechnology Increased availability of fruits vegetables Lower saturated fat Higher levels of vitamins Edible vaccines 5 Health Nutrition B E N E F I T S biotechnology RoundUp Ready crops EPSP 合成酶 ? 莽草酸 ? 5-磷酸莽草酸 ? 5-烯醇丙酮酰莽草酸-3-磷酸 ? 分枝酸 ? ? 邻-氨基苯甲酸 预苯酸 ? ? ? 色氨酸 酪氨酸 苯丙氨酸 草甘膦抑制EPSP合成酶活性 结果：莽草酸途径被抑制，造成植物芳香族氨基酸的缺乏 获得抗除草剂转基因植物的方法: EPSP 合成酶的过量表达 对除草剂不敏感的EPSP 合成酶 除草剂的解毒基因 Bt crops Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin is an insecticidal protein in the natural state, the protoxin is cleaved in the insect midgut by: protease activity alkaline pH Bt toxins have been used as biopesticides since the 1960s Bt crops are now being grown internationally: cotton maize potato Fatty acid biosynthesis Generalised pathway saturated fat monunsaturated fat polyunsaturated fat Δ18 desaturase Δ12 desaturase examples stearic acid oleic acid linoleic acid increase monounsaturated oils Golden rice vitamin A = retinol - produced by animals in liver, milk and eggs plants do not produce vitA - but some produce ?-carotene, a precursor for vitA including “yellow vegetables”, yellow endosperm corn and sorghum in many developing countries, vitA deficiency is a major problem: 眼球干燥症 – 失明 免疫功能下降\\\\ Golden rice - endosperm specific expression of a 3-step pathway