神经系统解剖-朱晞(改nervous_system1.pptVIP

THE NERVOUS  SYSTEM Zhu Xi Department of Human Anatomy School of Medicine, Zhejiang University 1. Organization of nervous system anatomically central nervous system: spinal cord 脊髓 brain 脑 peripheral nervous system: spinal nerves 脊神经 cranial nerves 脑神经 functionally Somatic nervous system 躯体神经 Visceral nervous system 内脏神经 2. Structure of nervous tissues Astrocyte Neuroglia Oligodentrocyte, Microglia Neurons (nervous cells) cell body axon (convey impulses processes away from cell body) dendrites (convey impulses towards cell body) Synapses: axon terminal comes into contact with other neurons presynaptic membrane synaptic cleft postsynaptic membrane 3. Classification: according to number of their processes pseudounipolar neuron bipolar neuron ultipolar neuron according to function: sensory neuron association neuron motor neuron Fasciculus(nerve tract)纤维束: collection of nerve fibers with common pathway and function Reticiilar formation网状结构: fields of intermingled nerve fibers and cell bodies In peripheral nervous system: Ganglion神经节: collection of cell bodies with common shape and function Nerve神经: a bundle of nerve fibers covered by connective tissue THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM The Spinal Nerves 脊神经 1. General Description 1.数量：31 Pairs of Spinal Nerves Cervical Nerves : 8 pairs Thoracic Nerves : 12 pairs Lumbar Nerves : 5 pairs Sacral Nerves : 5 pairs Coccygeal Nerves : 1 pair