换热器设计--整理美国工程公司.doc

换热器设计--整理美国工程公司 Topic: tube-to-tubesheet joints+ C4 r i3 r??n2 w主题：换热管与管板的连接+ }. V g y8 t6 mAWS Welding Journal 2000, Vol. 79. There is a threearticle in there titled Improving the Reliability of Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints written by Harry W. Ebert. Ebert discussed four types of tube-to-tubesheet joints:+ R6 l/ a8 N; T o- D$ H讨论4种连接形式/ I2 {- @% {4 _??Z??{; D8 Z8 o1 d1. Roll or expand only (without grooves)仅机械胀或者液压胀(不开槽贴胀） N* T# ^! R1 o??H( }0 N? ? - strength is poor 强度差2 F, R/ i$ P+ `2 l, k: w1 K? ? - leak resistance is poor 易泄漏; c??X. y) t/ x K? ? - tube replacement is very easy 换管容易% @- R P/ Y, }; x, z? ? - application is limited (i.e. low pressure water or air)应用范围受限（例如低压水或者空气）$ e0 H/ |7 j8 E1 V2 T5 j2 W2. Roll or expand only (with grooves)仅机械胀或者液压胀(开槽强度胀）9 u2 s2 Z% }9 q. l1 X??g4 h# n7 }# `? ? - strength is limited (can be improved by explosive expansion)强度受限（爆炸胀接能改善）* {8 ^8 ] x+ u) m6 L! w? ? - leak resistance is limited (can be improved by explosive expansion)易泄漏（爆炸胀接能改善）/ c, m$ ~/ c V) K6 d F? ? - tube replacement is easy换管容易6 z8 t6 k4 ^4 g v. b? ? - applicable for low stresses and low consequences of leakage用于低压和低泄露情况/ v??J/ L( J8 s% _0 e8 C3. Roll or Expand and Seal Welded (with grooves) 强度胀+密封焊. c2 x9 H% N0 S. z* D3 Y# h? ? - commonly used by the oil industry 通常用于石油工业5 Q# D* ^# F7 H r/ q5 W4 V? ? - strength is limited (can be improved by explosive expansion)强度受限（爆炸焊能改善）4 S% V2 I/ a5 J) q$ P4 t6 T- z? ? - leak resistance is good (can be improved by explosive expansion) 不易泄露（爆炸胀接能改善） ^+ n ^: ~1 K8 Z0 v? ? - fabrication problems are frequent 制造麻烦. w9 Z* x0 G5 v1 s T? ? - tube replacement is more difficult 换管较难+ J i e9 }2 P$ I3 C* j? ? - applicable where stresses are not too high and where risks of leakage is low 适用于压力不太高和低泄露场合3 r! r, G# D7 Q3 E, v/ m4. Strength Weld (no grooves required)强度焊 ~0 P1 K??f! E2 H( B* W( a? ? - full strength 强度高8 X+ D8 R! K# S? ? - leak resistance is good (maximum leak resistance can be achieved if two pass weld