ch3(Project management)精选.ppt

Project management项目管理 Organising, planning and scheduling software projects 软件项目的组织、计划和进度安排 角色模拟 假设马鞍山股份钢铁公司投资1亿元人民币，开发全公司的ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning)管理系统,你作为项目负责人，请问你如何开展工作，写出提纲。 给出参考 项目规划和计划 人员组成 进度安排 成本预算（经费分配） 风险管理 Topics covered包含主要内容 Management activities 管理行为 Project planning 计划管理 Project scheduling 进度管理 Risk management 风险管理 Software management distinctions软件管理特点 The product is intangible 不可见性 The product is uniquely flexible 弹性 Software engineering is not recognized as an engineering discipline with the same status as mechanical, electrical engineering, etc. The software development process is not standardised 无标准 Many software projects are one-off projects 一次性 Project staffing人员管理 May not be possible to appoint the ideal people to work on a project Project budget may not allow for the use of highly-paid staff Staff with the appropriate experience may not be available An organisation may wish to develop employee skills on a software project Managers have to work within these constraints especially when (as is currently the case) there is an international shortage of skilled IT staff Project plan structure项目计划结构 Introduction Project organisation Risk analysis Hardware and software resource requirements Work breakdown Project schedule Monitoring and reporting mechanisms Milestones in the RE process软件工程中的里程碑 Project scheduling项目进度 Split project into tasks and estimate time and resources required to complete each task Organize tasks concurrently to make optimal use of workforce Minimize task dependencies to avoid delays caused by one task waiting for another to complete Dependent on project managers intuition and experience Scheduling problems进度问题 Estimating the difficulty of problems and hence the cost of developing a solution is hard Productivity is not proportional to the number of people working on a task Adding people to a late project makes it later because of communication overheads The unexpected always happens.