Iowa Clean Cities Coalition英文课件.ppt

IOWA CLEAN CITIES COALITION “Working to displace the use of fossil fuels in the state of Iowa through clean energy alternatives.” CLEAN CITIES COALITIONS Public-private partnerships at local, regional, or state level to speed implementation of advanced vehicles and alternative fuels 90 active coalitions CLEAN CITIES FINANCIAL SUPPORT WHAT IS THE IOWA CLEAN CITIES COALITION? Established by the Department of Energy on October 15, 2005. Organized to work with entities across the state on reducing petroleum consumption in the transportation sector including: Biofuels Hybrid Electric Vehicles Idle Reduction Renewable and Alternative Fuels Fuel Blends Fuel Economy Plug In/ PHEV ALTERNATIVE RENEWABLE FUELS Ethanol Alcohol-based fuel produced from starch crops or cellulosic biomass such as trees and grasses High octane, often used to enhance octane properties of gasoline As an alternative fuel, most commonly used in a blend of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline (E85). Flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs) and are offered by several vehicle manufacturers. See the ethanol vehicles page for more information on FFVs. CNG Widespread distribution infrastructure Clean burning in natural gas vehicles Most common in medium- and heavy-duty markets Stored onboard a vehicle as compressed natural gas (CNG) or as liquefied natural gas (LNG) Propane: ALTERNATIVE RENEWABLE FUELS Biodiesel Manufactured from vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled restaurant greases Biodiesel is safe, biodegradable, and reduces serious air pollutants such as particulates, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and air toxics Blends of 20% biodiesel with 80% petroleum diesel (B20) can generally be used in unmodified diesel engines Can be used in its pure form (B100), but it may require certain engine modifications Potential issues with operation in cold weather Propane (LPG) Produces fewer vehicle tailpipe emissions than gasoline Produced as a by-product of natural gas processing and crude oil refining Widespread infrastru