unit 8 不定式.pptVIP

Infinitive 不定式 动词分类 动词 谓语动词 非谓语动词 动词不定式 分词 动名词 一、动词不定式的构成 不定式：to + 动词原形 to read a book 否定结构：not to + 动词原形 not to read a book 不定式短语： ? 不定式 + 宾/状 to read a book slowly ? how/wh- + 不定式 how to read a book ? for + 名/代 + 不定式 for me to read a book （逻辑主语） 二、不定式的用法 不定式在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、和主补。 1. 主语 To make a decision without knowing all the facts is difficult. To make a plan for our future is important. 常用it作形式主语。 ？ 主谓一致问题。 2. 表语 位于___动词后面。 His plan is to spend a few days in the mountain. Her wish is to marry an honest young man. 3. 宾语 位于____动词后面。 What do you plan to do tomorrow? She can’t decide what to do. 4. 定语 位于被修饰词之后。 Perhaps this would be a good chance to go to Hainan. She was the only one to look after the child. 5. 状语 通常表示目的、原因、结果、程度等。 In 1918 he went to Japan to study medical science. The girls jumped with joy to hear the news. He is not old enough to drive a car. Mary wouldn’t be so careless as to forget her key. 6. 宾语补足语 复合宾语结构。 He asked you to call him back at 11. They didn’t allow her to come in. 有些动词需直接加动词原形，宾补不带to，如let, make, have, see, hear, watch, notice, feel等。 She won’t let her poor son suffer like this. Did you notice him leave the house? 7. 主语补足语 主动结构中的宾语和宾补变成被动后，成为主语和主补。 You were asked to call him back at 11. She was not allowed to come in. 被动语态中（不定式作主补时），let, have, make, see等词后的to要还原。 They were made to work day and night. Someone was heard to come up the stairs. 三、时态与语态 不定式有时态和语态的变化。 1.一般式，不定式动作在主要谓语之后或几乎同时发生。I have some news to tell you. 2. 进行式，动作正在进行，与谓语同时发生。 He pretended to be listening attentively. 3. 完成式，动作发生在谓语动词之前。 I am sorry to have kept you waiting. 4. 被动式，不定式的逻辑主语是动作承受者。 He wanted the letter to be mailed at once. Please to Exercise I II on 227. * *