系统解剖学117内分泌系统.pptVIP

内分泌系统 Endocrine system 垂体与松果体 Pituitary gland pineal body * * Department of Anatomy, Wuhan University School of Medicine ? 由内分泌腺和内分泌组织构成的体液调节系统 内分泌腺：体内的一内无导管腺体，其分泌物直接进入血液循环输，通过特异性受体作用于靶器官/靶组织 ? 内分泌腺所产生和分泌物质通常称为激素 Hormone 激素 Target organs 靶器官 全身调节 Systemic Regulation 局部调节 Local Regulation Autocrine自分泌: a cell secretes a hormone that signals the same cell Paracrine 旁分泌: a cell secretes a hormone that signals near by cells Blood circulation 血液循环 远程调节 Tele-regulation Telecrine 体液调节的形式 垂体 Pituitary gland ? A small and oval-shaped gland located in the hypophysial fossa beneath diaphragma sellae ? 位于蝶鞍垂体窝内、鞍隔下方的一卵圆形腺体 分部 Division Adeno- hypothesis Neuro- hypothesis 腺垂体 Adenohypothysis 神经垂体 Neuro-hypothesis 松果体 Pineal body ? A small oval-shaped gland located above corpora quadrigemina ? 位于上丘上方的一卵圆形小腺体 功能 Function: 褪黑素 ?生物周期 垂体上A 功能 Function: 生长激素、促甲状腺素、 促肾上腺皮质激素、促性腺激素 松果体 ?Two small endocrine glands embedded in connective tissue capsule on the posterior surface of lateral lobes of thyroid gland ? 埋藏于甲状腺侧叶后面结缔组织内的成对小腺体 功能 Function: 甲状旁腺素 ? 调解钙磷代谢、维持血钙平衡 Thyroid gland parathyroid gland 甲状腺与甲状旁腺 甲状腺 Thyroid gland ? An “H”-shaped endocrine organ in front and to the sides of the upper part of the trachea 侧叶 Lateral lobes 峡部 Isthmus 锥状叶 Pyramidal lobe 分部 Division 功能 Function: 甲状腺素?调解基础代谢和生长发育 甲状旁腺 Parathyroid gland Parathyroid gland Suprarenal gland and thymus 肾上腺与胸腺 ? A pair of flattened and triangular endocrine glands above the superior ends of kidneys ? 成对的扁三角（半月）状内分泌腺，位于肾的上方 肾上腺 Suprarenal gland 功能 Function: 胸腺 Thymus ? A primary lymphoid organ, located in the superior mediastinum. It is necessary for the early development of immunologic function is gradually replaced by fat after puberty 功能 Function: 胸腺素