新构造课件新构造学第三讲09章节.pptVIP

第一节 水系变迁 Offset of fluvial valleys, by strike–slip faults, provides some of the most important geomorphic evidence for determination of fault slip. Why? Asymmetrical valley The rives may not only erode away the protruding valley slope completely so that the valley slope will retreat some distance back but not to its original position. In this situation the increase of the valley width is smaller than the displacement of the fault, and at the same time, the river channel is deflected. If the river cuts down during this episode of faulting, then, a terrace series, distributed asymmetrically only on one side of the river, will result. Category of Asymmetrical valley Asymmetrical valley caused by Warping. The most prominent difference from a warping asymmetrical valley is that the valley is asymmetrically widened only after it crosses a strike-slip fault and the upper reach of the valley may still remain symmetrical. Because large rivers usually have larger migrating rates than small rivers, they behave differently when they cross active strike-slip faults, and have a greater possibility to form asymmetrical valleys. Because large rivers are sometimes older than small rivers, they can be used to illustrate a longer period of fault activity. When large rivers cross an active strike-slip fault, they often widen asymmetrically instead of deflection, and are less likely to be beheaded. This phenomenon has been largely ignored. Thus, where evidence of fault displacements is from satellite images or aerial photographs, a false impression could be obtained that the fault lacks strike-slip displacement. Thus, recognition of asymmetrical valley formation in response to active strike-slip faulting should lead to a re-evaluation of the displacement histories of many faults worldwide. 第二节 裂点 裂点的成因（岩性、构造运动） 构造成因裂点的特征 距离比关系； 阶地的对应关系； 与洪积物的对应关系 研究实例 ⑴邢台地区； ⑵贺兰山地区。 Q12 Fault block moving direction Lateral erosion direction 1. Late Pleistocene loes