翟中和细胞生物学课件—12细胞分化与基因.ppt

Cell differentiation and Cancer cells ;The different cell types of a multicellular organism contain the same DNA. A cell can change the expression of its genes in response to external signals. Differences in mRNA expression patterns among different cell types. Different cell types synthesize different sets of proteins. Gene expression can be regulated at many of the steps in the pathway from DNA to RNA to protein.;The four essential processes by which a multicellular organism is made: Cell proliferation, Cell specialization, Cell interaction, and Cell movement.;Cell differentiation occurs in multicellular organisms;2. Why a fertilized egg can develop into different cells: Gene differentiated express ;3. Combinational control and Gene differentiated express pp.416: 12-1: 2n (n=3, A,B,C);Cell totipotency (细胞全能性);2. Animal cloning—;Dolly: A lamb with no father ;克隆能给人类带来什么？;Stem cell and its differentiation potential;2. Where to get the stem cells?;(2) Adult stem cells;(3) Umbilical cord blood stem cells ;3. Types of stem cells: differentiation potential;(2) Pluripotent stem cells;;(3) Embryonic stem cells;Two ways for a stem cell to produce daughters with different fates;4.Why do researchers study stem cells ?;5. Stem cell plasticity;Production of differentiated cells from mouse ES cells in culture.;Stem cells migrate to sites of organ damage and differentiate to cell types competent to participate in tissue regeneration.;Regeneration of new tissues from our own cells will not be far behind Science, December 6, 2002: 1901;Cancer:  Cells proliferate uncontrollably;Benign tumor;1. The biology characteristics of cancer;(3) Less well differentiated than normal cells or benign tumor cells;(5) Lose Contact inhibition in vitro ;2. The causes of cancer;3. Caner: As a result of the accumulation of mutation and natural selection;?癌基因（oncogenes）：v-onc and c-onc 抑癌基因（tumor-suppressor gene）Rb p53 特