(用物理学原理和实验手段解决化学问题的一门科学).pptVIP

Physical ChemistryChapter 0 Introduction * * * * * What is the Physical Chemistry? The Physical Chemistry is a branch of science that solved the problem of chemistry by means of physical principle and experiments. (用物理学原理和实验手段解决化学问题的一门科学) Main contents 1.Thermodynamics (first law and second law of thermodynamics) 解决问题? (1)判断反应方向 (2)计算反应限度 2.Dynamics (Kinetic) 解决问题? (1)计算反应速度 (2)反应基理分析和反应历程的推断 3.Electrochemistry 用电化学手段测定E和?,并与热力学函数联系起来解决化学反应问题,其中主要研究电池.电解池中的化学变化问题。 4. Interface and Colloid Chemistry Chapter 1 The First Law of Thermodynamics and Application 本章教学目的和要求 §1.1 The Conceptions of Thermodynamics 一. The Introduction of Conceptions 1.System (我们要研究的对象) Isolated System* Closed System* Open System 2.Surroundings (与体系密切相关的周围部分) 3.The Properties of System and State Functions State Functions** Important Points? a. 状态一定, 状态函数的值就一定 b. 状态函数的增量只与始.末态有关, 而与中间途径无 关。 c. 经一个循环回到原状态，状态函数的值不变。∮dU=0 4．Equilibrium State of Thermodynamics Thermal equilibrium Mechanical equilibrium Phase equilibrium Chemical equilibrium Heat（Q ）and Work（W） Heat—The energy exchanged between system and surroundings，because of the temperance differences.(Q0吸热,Q0放热) Work—The exchanged energy except heat (W0体系对外作功,W0外界对体系作功) W=We + Wf We--expansion work; Wf—work except expansion work The Definition of We ：? δWe≡P外dV *** We=∫P外dV*** §1.2 First law of Thermodynamics 一．The First Law of Thermodynamics 能量转换与守恒定律? 自然界的一切物质都具有能量，能量有各种不同形式，能够从一种形式转化为另一形式，在转化中，能量总值不变。 Energy? ①Kinetic Energy of whole System ②Potential Energy of System ③Internal Energy （Study Only Internal Energy in First Law） 二．The Equation of First Law ΔU=Q-W **； dU=δQ-δW ** Q and W is the process function. The U is state function. §1.3 Quasi-static Process and Reversible Process 一、Work and P