摘要-英译汉.pptVIP

Contribution of Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents to Nutrient  in Aquatic Systems: A Review 单词表 Wastewater Treatment Plant （WWTP）污水处理厂 Nutrient 营养物或营养的 Dynamics 动态 Effluent 出水 Influent 进水 Aquatic Systems 水系统 Excessive 过度的 load 装载，负荷 Ongoing 继续前行的，不断发展中的 Nitrogen 氮 Phosphorus 磷 Discharges 排放 Freshwater 淡水 Nonpoint 非点 receiving waters 接受水体 hydrological [hai?dr?l?d?i] 水文的 Characteristics 特性 Instream 河道 Volume 体积，容积 Extent 程度，范围 Aspect 方面 water quality management 水质管理 water bodies 水体 Designated 指定的 infrastructure 基础设施 Prohibitive 禁止 Concentration 浓度 Particular 特定的，某一的 Abstract Excessive nutrient loading (considering nitrogen and phosphorus) is a major ongoing threat to water quality and here we review the impact of nutrient discharges from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to United States (U.S.) freshwater systems. While urban and agricultural land uses are significant nonpoint nutrient contributors, effluent from point sources such as WWTPs can overwhelm receiving waters, effectively dominating hydrological characteristics and regulating instream nutrient processes. Population growth, increased wastewater volumes, and sustainability of critical water resources have all been key factors influencing the extent of wastewater treatment. Reducing nutrient concentrations in wastewater is an important aspect of water quality management because excessive nutrient concentrations often prevent water bodies from meeting designated uses. WWTPs employ numerous physical, chemical, and biological methods to improve effluent water quality but nutrient removal requires advanced treatment and infrastructure that may be economically prohibitive. Therefore, effluent nutrient concentrations vary depending on the particular processes used to treat influent wastewater. Increasingly stringent regulations regarding nutrient concentrations in discharged effluent, along with greater freshwater demand. Excessive nutrient loading (considering nitrogen and phosphorus