读书报告2有机农业土壤肥力和生物多样性PPT.pptVIP

Soil Fertility and Biodiversity in Organic Farming有机农业土壤肥力和生物多样性;Content;1.Background; Enhanced soil fertility and higher biodiversity found in organic plots may render these systems less dependent on external inputs. 增强有机系统中的土壤肥力和提高土壤生物多样性可能会导致对这些系统较少的外部投入。;2、DOK Trial Description;;3、Result;Input of nutrients, pesticides, and fossil energy to the DOK trial systems.;Potato yields in the organic systems were 58 to 66% of those in the conventional plots (Fig. 1), mainly due to low potassium supply and the incidence of Phytophtora infestans. Winter wheat yields in the third crop rotation period reached an average of 4.1 metric tons per hectare in the organic systems. This corresponds to 90% of the grain harvest of the conventional systems, which is similar to yields of conventional farms in the region (8). Differences in grass-clover yields were small;;Cereal crop yields under organic management in Europe typically are 60 to 70% of those under conventional management, whereas grassland yields are in the range of 70 to 100%. Profits of organic farms in Europe are similar to those of comparable conventional farms . Appropriate plant breeding may further improve cereal yields in organic farming. There were minor differences between the farming systems in food quality;The maintenance of soil fertility is important for sustainable land use. In our experimental plots, organically managed soils exhibit greater biological activity than the conventionally managed soils. In contrast, soil chemical and physical parameters show fewer differences .;Soil aggregate stability as assessed by the percolation method and the wet sieving method was 10 to 60% higher in theorganic plot than in the conventional plots.These differences reflect the situation as observed in the field , where organic plots had a greater soil stability.;;Soil pH was slightly higher in the organicsystems (Fig. 2B).In soils of the organic systems, dehydrogenase,protease, and phosphatase activit