第5章__物质的跨膜运输.pptVIP

家族性高胆固醇血症的发病机理？ 细胞膜上LDL受体缺陷示意图 胞内体：受体介导的胞吞作用分选站 大部分受体返回它们原来的质膜区域 受体结合配体在溶酶体被降解 受体被运至细胞另一侧的质膜，完成跨细胞转运 (transcytosis) 其他类型的胞饮作用 Mayor S., and R. E. Pagano. Pathways of Clathrin-Independent Endocytosis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol，2007，8 (8)：603-612. 胞膜窖依赖的胞吞作用 胞膜窖呈内陷的瓶状，特征性蛋白是窖蛋白 胞膜窖在质膜的脂筏区域形成 二、胞吐作用(exocytosis) 胞吐作用是通过分泌泡或其他膜泡与质膜融合而将 膜泡内的物质运出细胞的过程 两种形式： 1.组成型胞吐途径(constitutive pathway of secretion)： 分泌蛋白、高尔基体分泌囊泡。 2.调节型胞吐途径(regulated pathway of secretion) ： 储存于分泌囊泡、外界信号。 本章小结 小分子、离子的跨膜转运方式 载体蛋白和通道蛋白 简单扩散 被动运输 主动运输 大分子、颗粒物质的膜泡运输 受体介导的内吞 思考题 1.通道蛋白与载体蛋白介导物质运输的比较。 2.小结细胞膜对物质的运输 * FIGURE 11-29a Proposed structure of GLUT1. (a) Transmembrane helices are represented here as oblique (angled) rows of three or four amino acid residues, each row depicting one turn of the α helix. Nine of the 12 helices contain three or more polar or charged residues (blue or red), often separated by several hydrophobic residues (yellow). This representation of topology is not intended to represent three-dimensional structure. FIGURE 11-31 Model of glucose transport into erythrocytes by GLUT1. The transporter exists in two conformations: T1, with the glucose-binding site exposed on the outer surface of the plasma membrane, and T2, with the binding site exposed on the inner surface. Glucose transport occurs in four steps. 1 Glucose in blood plasma binds to a stereospecific site on T1; this lowers the activation energy for 2 a conformational change from glucoseout ? T1 to glucosein ? T2, effecting the transmembrane passage of the glucose. 3 Glucose is released from T2 into the cytoplasm, and 4 the transporter returns to the T1 conformation, ready to transport another glucose molecule. * Fig. Peter Agre’s experiment with cells containing or lacking aquaporin. The aquaporin is necessary for making the cell absorb water and swell. * 乌本苷抑制钠钾泵作用机制：乌本苷(ouabain),地高辛(digoxin)等强心剂能抑制心肌细胞Na+-K+泵的活性;从而降低钠钙交换器效率,使内流钙离子增多,加强心肌收缩,因而具有强心作用. * 在 细胞内侧α 亚基与Na+ 相结合促进ATP 水解，α 亚基 上的一个天冬氨酸残基磷酸化引起α 亚基构象