美国数学建模MCM-ICM论文.pptVIP

Introduction to Writing Papers in English ;主要内容;第一部分 科学论文的语言特点;语体（Linguistic Style);词汇（Vocabulary); verify, prove, confirm, define, determine, enumerate, compare, contrast, investigate, develop, conclude 等等。 多用复合词 如：self-design, cross-sectional, dust-free, water-proof, input-orientation, piece-wise-linear 利用缩略词 如：e.g., i.e., vs.（与…相对), ibid.(出处相同），etc., cit.(在上述引文中), et al.(等人), viz.(即,就是), DEA (data envelopment analysis), OLS(Ordinary least-squares);反义词应用广泛 如: positive----negative; linear---- nonlinear; regular----irregular; connect----disconnect; divisible----indivisible; organic----inorganic; effective----ineffective; parametric---- nonparametric; 多用名词群 如: data transmission systems; high precision instrument; ;句式结构(Sentence Structure);祈使句多 科学研究论文的一个重要标准，就是所述理论的可解释性，所做实验具有可重复性,不论谁照此去做都可以做成。因此,没有必要指明主语。一般来说，祈使句多用于命题、解题、顺序论证、实验指导、操作说明、工艺介绍、文献注释等部分。如： Now let K equal to zero, then we obtain the following equation. Fill in the tube with cold water, and heat the tube to 100℃. ;复合句多 科学技术是研究外界事物的发展变化规律极其应用的学问。为了十分准确地反映事物内在联系，就需要严密的逻辑思维，而这种思维内容反映在语言的形式上，就必然是并列关系和多种主从关系的长句。如: An electric current which reverses its direction at regular intervals, and which is constantly changing in magnitude is called an alternating current, which is usually abbreviated to a.c. …;“It be +形容词（分词）+that …”句型 为了叙述方便，避免句子滞重，英文科技论文写作中常用 it 作形式主语。如： It is concluded that the behavior of a fluid flowing through a pipe is affected by a number of factors, including the viscosity of the fluid and the speed at which it is pumped. It has been shown though the experiment that the charges of the nucleus and electrons are equal so that the atom is electrically neutral.;As 引出的简略句 英文科技论文中常用As引出的多种主动、被动??略形式，如：as the illustration shows; as has been stated above; as in figure 2; as follows 等。 多用三种基本时态 由于科学论文描述的主要对象是客观存在的事实、现象或真理，其英语句中谓动词的时态主要采用一般现在时。在有表示过去的时间状语，或叙述过去发生过的事实这样的情况下，才使用一般过去时。若强调过去发生的事实对现在仍有影响，则用现在完成时。 ;常用被动语态 英文科技论文