流体力学与传热课件Capacity and economy of multiple-effect evaporators.ppt

华南理工大学 化工学院 伍钦 ceqwu@ 020Capacity and economy of multiple-effect evaporators The increase in economy through the use of multiple-effect evaporation is obtained at the cost of reduced capacity. It may be thought that by providing several times as much heating surface the evaporating would be increased, but it is not the case. If the heating load and the heat of dilution are neglected, the capacity of an evaporator is directly proportional to the rate of heat transfer. Assume that the surface area is A in each effect and that the overall coefficient U is also the same in each effect. then Suppose now that a single-effect evaporator with a surface area A is operating with the same total temperature drop. This is exactly the same equation as that for the multiple-effect evaporator The average coefficient for the multiple-effect evaporator would be greater than that for the single-effect. Effect of liquid head and boiling-point elevation The liquid head and the boiling-point elevation influence the capacity of a multiple-effect evaporator even more than they do that of a single effect The reduction in capacity caused by the liquid head, as before, cannot be estimated quantitatively. The temperature drop in any effect is calculated from the temperature of saturated steam at the pressure of the steam chest, and not from the temperature of the boiling liquid in the previous effect. This loss occurs in every effect of a multiple- effect evaporator, and the resulting loss of capacity. Consider the single-effect evaporator. The diagram for the double- effect evaporator shows two shaded portions because there is a boiling-point elevation in the two effect. In the triple-effect evaporator there are shaded portions since there is a loss temperature drop in each of three effects, and the total net available temperature drop ,79o The economy of a multiple-effect evaporator is not influenced by boiling-point elevations if minor factors, such as the temperature