呼吸系统的应激状态-英文课件PPT.ppt

ALTITUDE AND ACCLIMATIZATION Acclimatization see the following four lists Immediate Early adaptive (72H) Late adaptive (2 to 6 weeks) Spontaneous ventilation Minute ventilation ↑ ↑ ↑ Respiratory rate variable variable variable Tidal volume ↑ ↑ ↑ Arterial Po2 ↓ ↓ ↓ Arterial Pco2 ↓ ↓ ↓ Arterial pH ↑ ↑ ↑ Arterial HCO-3 ↓ ↓ table1 Immediate Early adaptive (72H) Late adaptive (2 to 6 weeks) Evaluation of lung function Vital capacity ↓ Maximum airflow rates ↑ ↑ ↑ Functional residual capacity Ventilatory response to inhaled CO2 ↑ ↑ Ventilatory response to hypoxia Pulmonary vascular resistance ↑ ↑ ↑ table2 Immediate Early adaptive (72H) Late adaptive (2 to 6 weeks) Oxygen transport Hemoglobin ↑ ↑ Erythropoietin ↑ P50 ↓ ↑ ↑ 2,3-BPG ↑ ↑ Cardiac output ↑ ↓ table3 Immediate Early adaptive (72H) Late adaptive (2 to 6 weeks) Central nervous system Headaches, nausea, insomnia ↑ Perception, judgment ↓ Spinal fluid pH ↑ Spinal fluid HCO-3 ↓ ↓ Cerebral edema ↑ table4 DIVING AND THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM The major physiologic stresses involved in diving include Elevated ambient pressure Decreased effects of gravity Altered respiration Hypothermia Sensory impairment * * THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEMUNDER STRESS ZHJ OBJECTIVES Use the knowledge to predict the response of the respiratory system to three physiologic stresses —Exercise —Ascent to altitude —Diving Identifies the physiologic stresses involved in exercise Predicts the responses of the respiratory system to acute exercise Describes the effects of long-term exercise programs (training) on the respiratory system Identifies the physiologic stresses involved in the ascent to altitude Predicts the initial responses of the respiratory system to the ascent to altitude Describes the acclimatization of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems to residence at high altitude Identifies the physiologic stresses invol