贵州省农村环境卫生状况调查.docVIP

精品论文 参考文献 贵州省农村环境卫生状况调查 何平 张建华 　　（贵州省疾病预防控制中心 贵州 贵阳 550001） 　　【摘要】 目的：了解我省农村环境卫生状况，为制定农村换卫生与健康的相关政策和措施提供依据。方法：按照经济发展水平等，选取28个县的560个行政村，采用统一的调查表格进行入户调查。结果：560个村，公厕拥有率为41.07%，农户卫生厕所拥有率为41.36%，57.05%的农户使用非卫生厕所，1.59%的农户无厕所。农户户厕清洁率为55.28%，户厕不清洁率为44.72%。农户户厕粪便直接施肥的占61.27%，直接排入下水道的占24.32%，排入沟塘河道的占6.46%，用土掩埋后施肥的占4.10%，高温堆肥处理的占3.85%。调查的560个村，生活垃圾定点堆放的占50.00%，随意堆放占36.79%，统一收集占13.21%，生活垃圾42.32%是焚烧处理，34.11%是填埋处理。生活污水随意排放占64.64%，生活污水直接排放至农田占40.71%，直接排放至河流占30.71%。讨论：我省农村户厕粪便多数没有经过无害化处理，生活垃圾多采取焚烧或填埋方式进行处理，生活污水多直接排放至农田或河流，这极易造成空气和土壤河流的污染，存在一定的环境污染风险，容易引发相关的疾病，应加以高度重视。 　　【关键词】环境卫生；厕所；生活垃圾；生活污水 　　【中图分类号】R195 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】2095-1752（2015）06-0080-03 　　The survey of rural sanitation situation in Guizhou Province He ping, ，Zhang jianhua，Guizhou Center For Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, 550001 　　【Abstract 】 Objective: In order to understand the rural sanitation situation in Guizhou Province, and to provide a basis for the development of relevant policies and measures for rural sanitation and health. Methods: According to the level of economic development, 560 administrative villages of 28 counties were selected, and household survey was conducted by adopting a unified survey form.Results: The rate of the toilets, sanitary toilets, non-sanitary toilets and no toilets in 560 administrative villages were 41.07%, 41.36%, 57.05% and 1.59%, respectively. The cleaner and dirty rate of farmersrsquo; household toilet was 55.28% and 44.72%; the stool of farmersrsquo; household toilet directly of fertilization accounted for 4.01%, discharged into the sewer and rivers accounted for 24.32% and 6.46%, with soil buried after fertilizing accounted for 4.10%, high temperature composting treatment accounted for 3.85%. The garbage piled up, random stacking, unified collection, incineration treatment and landfill disposal respectively accounted for 50.00%, 36.79%, 13.21%, 42.32% and 34.11%. Indiscriminate discharge of domestic sewage accounted for 64.