东华理工大学氡浓度测量与剂量评价.doc

毕业设计（论文） 题 目： 东华理工大学氡浓度测量与剂量评价 英文题： Radon Concentration Measurement and Radon Dose Assessment of ECIT 学生姓名 专 业 核工程与核技术 班 级 指导教师 二零一一年六月 摘 要 放射性气体氡及其子体普遍存在于人们生活环境中。半个世纪以来，氡的危害性受到了广泛的关注，关于氡及其子体对人体潜在的危害的研究也越来越多。随着人类社会的发展，生活质量的不断提高，人们的生活习惯正在发生改变，空调的广泛使用使得居室通风换气效果变差，增加了氡辐射污染的潜在危害。氡是人类所受天然辐射照射的最主要来源，氡及其子体所致公众剂量及对健康的影响在世界范围内受到高度重视，被WHO（世界卫生组织〕公布为19种主要的环境致癌物质之一。 校园作为一个文化传播区，校园环境的好与坏直接影响着学校每一位师生的健康和正常的教学工作。为全面了解东华理工大学室内外氡浓度水平状况，本论文对校园室外内氡浓度水平进行了测量和分析。 本论文从氡的危害、氡的来源、基本性质、测量手段等几个方面展开论述，根据在校师生的学习、生活和工作特点，将校园按不同区域进行布点测量。采用便携式测氡仪RAD-7对所选择地点的氡浓度进行测量，并对测量结果进行统计与分析，并对氡浓度影响因素进行了讨论，最后对吸入氡内照射所致师生有效剂量进行估算。 根据调查数据显示：东华理工大学室外平均氡浓度为20.2，室内氡浓度平均值为28.7，所测室内氡浓度均低于国家限制标准。校园内学生、教室和非教师职工吸入氡所致内照射有效剂量分别为：0.82 mSv/a，1.01 mSv/a，1.12 mSv/a，均低于国际估计值1.13mSv/a。 关键词：氡浓度； 评价； 东华理工大学 Abstract There is radioactive radon and radon daughters in peoples living environment. Since the recent half century, the danger of radon has got a wide range of concerns and researches on the potential harm that radon and its daughters may do to human body, which has become more and more. With the development of society and improvement of people’s quality of life, peoples living habits are changing. The extensive use of air conditioner lowers the efficiency of ventilation and gas exchange indoor, which increases the potential hazards of radon radiation pollution. Radon is the main source of natural radiation human suffers from. Radon and its daughters is announced as one of 19 the major environmental carcinogens by WHO (World Health Organization). As a cultural transmission area, campus environment of good and bad directly affect each teachers and students health and the normal teaching work. In order to get a comprehensive understanding of the situation of the indoor radon concentration levels in East China Institute of Technology, the indoor and outdoor radon concentration levels in campus was measured and analyzed. This paper discusses the d