Nios嵌入式系统的外设接口开发与误码率运算论文.docVIP

摘 要 SOPC是Altera公司提出的一种灵活、高效的片上系统设计方案，它可以有选择地将处理器、存储器、I/O等系统设计需要的组件集成到一个PLD器件上。但是为了构建一个高效的片上系统，用户需要面向应用的IP组件。IP组件可以由供应商提供，或者是用户自定义。在SOPC设计中可方便地加入用户自定义逻辑，而用户自定义逻辑具有灵活性、紧耦合性、高效率、低功耗等特性，使SOPC设计的优越性得以充分体现。 Nios II是基于RISC技术的通用嵌入式处理器软内核，它专门为可编程逻辑进行了优化设计，也为可编程片上系统(SOPC)设计了一整套综合解决方案。Nios处理器采用16位指令集，16/32位数据通道，5级流水线技术，平均一个时钟周期处理一条指令，性能高达50 MIPS。 本文先对对Nios微处理器作了简单的介绍，然后通过设计自定义外设接口阐述了用户自定义外设系统的开发方法和过程。本文还介绍了Nios II IDE软件开发环境，在此基础上，用C语言实现了误码率运算功能。 SOPC技术利用IP库，可以快速生成嵌入式系统。同时，可以方便地把用户自定义的逻辑加入到系统中；事实表明，使用SOPC解决方案Nios可大大缩短开发时间和增加开发的灵活性。 关键词：Nios处理器，SOPC Builder，自定义外设接口，误码率  Abstract SOPC is a flexible、efficient SOC design methodology which is developed by Altera corporation. It can build a SOC design by integrating processor、memory、I/Os and other peripherals selectively into a PLD. In order to build an efficient SOC, application-oriented IP cores are needed. IP cores can be provided by manufacturer or come from user-defined logic. User-defined logic can be added conveniently into SOPC design and it is the flexibility、tight coupling、high efficiency and low power consuming of user-defined logic that render SOPC special advantage. The Nios II processor is a general-purpose RISC processor soft-core, It is optimized for programming logic specially, and also provides a complete synthetic solution scheme for the SOPC. Nios II processor provides 16-bit dedicated instructions, 16/32 data path, 5- stage-pipelining technology, and performances to 50 MIPS. This paper introduces the architecture of the Nios firstly, and then demonstrates the design flow and method of custom peripheral system through the design user-defined logic interface. This paper also introduces the Nios II IDE, based which the BER function is accomplished with C language. SOPC can generate an embedded system quickly by using the IP pool, and also can add the custom peripherals to the system conveniently. Practically, the solution scheme of the SOPC can