空调压缩机用无刷直流电动机及相应控制系统的设计.docVIP

摘 要 永磁无刷直流电动机具有惯量小、控制简单、动态性能好等优良特性，因此在航天、机器人、空调等许多领域得到了广泛应用。本课题针对空调压缩机，设计了无刷直流电动机以及相应的控制系统。 针对空调用无刷直流电机设计公式及方法，以及考虑到降低电机的振动和噪音问题，设计了永磁无刷直流电机两台，普通型6极36槽和多极少槽型8极9槽电机。借助Ansoft软件设计,两种电机进行比较表明：选择近似极槽的多极少槽电机，进一步选择适当的极弧系数，能大大降低齿槽转矩,但是运行效率却比普通型电机低很多.所以，多极少槽电机在空调压缩机电机中暂不可行。 另外，无传感器控制技术是无刷直流电机控制领域研究的热点。本文采用 PIC18F4580芯片对无刷直流电动机控制系统进行了设计，详细讨论了在去掉位置传感器的情况下无刷直流电机如何换相以及速度的提取问题，并且进行了相应的系统硬件。为了提高BLDCM的调速性能，本文采用速度、电流的双闭环控制，并给出了其实现方法。 本课题主要包括五部分：无刷直流电动机简介，初始数据方案设计，Ansoft软件辅助设计，设计PIC 单片机控制系统，结论分析。通过这五部，本文完成了空调压缩机用无刷直流电动机进行设计及相应控制系统的设计。 关键词：无刷直流电机,优化设计,多极少槽,控制系统The BLDCM optimization design and the application used in air-condition compressor Abstract Permanent magnet brushless direct current motor(BLDCM) has good characteristic such as small inertia、easily controlled 、dynamic function well , therefore it has got extensive use in many field such as aerospace, robot, air-condition compressor control machine tool. The subject aimed at the air-condition , has designed the BLDCM and corresponding control system. Through BLDCM design formula and the method used in the air conditioning, as well as considering reduce motors vibration and the noise, the paper design two permanent magnetism BLDCM, including the 6 pole 36 slot and the multipolar few slot such as 8 pole 9 pole motor. With the aid of the Ansoft software ,design indicate that choosing multipolar few slot motor belong to the approximate pole and slot, further choosing the suitable pole-arc coefficient, can reduce the cogging torque greatly, but the efficiency is actually low compared to common motor. Therefore, the multipolar few slot motor are not feasible temporarily in the air conditioning compressor motor. Sensorless control technology has been a hot research in BLDCM control domain. This paper introduces the control system design for brushless DC motor based on PIC18F4580, discusses in detail the current commutation and motor speed withdraw problem without the position sensor, and designs the corresponding software circuit.